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Environmental Bio Lecture and Lab > Ch 10.1 > Flashcards

Ch 10.1 Flashcards

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1
Q

any material added
to the atmosphere (naturally or by humans) that harms living organisms, affects the climate, and/or impacts structures is known as

A

Air Pollution

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2
Q

T/F- Air pollution is linked to serious health issues such as cancer, respiratory
infection, and cardiovascular diseases in humans, animals, and
plants

A

True

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3
Q

What kind of air pollution is caused by natural and
anthropogenic sources and includes emissions that are directly harmful (primary pollutants) and those that are converted to harmful forms (secondary pollutants).

A

Outdoor Air Pollution

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4
Q

T/F-Conflicts between regions can arise when air pollution crosses borders

A

True

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5
Q

In urban areas, much air pollution comes from what non point source?
what point source?

A

Vehicle exhaust
industry and power plant emissions

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6
Q

air pollutants released directly from a mobile
or stationary source is known as

A

Primary air pollutants

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7
Q

Air pollutants formed when primary air pollutants react with one another or with other chemicals in the air is known as

A

Secondary air pollutants

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8
Q

a secondary pollutant that forms when some of
the pollutants released during fossil fuel combustion react with
atmospheric oxygen in the presence of sunlight is known as

A

Ground-level ozone

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9
Q

particles or droplets small enough to remain aloft in the air for long periods of time is known as

A

Particulate matter (PM)

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10
Q

T/F- Particulate matter is a common component in smoke and soot

A

True

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11
Q

T/F- Particulate matter is released when jus about anything is burned

A

True

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12
Q

What are some examples of primary pollutants?

A

Sulfur dioxide
Nitrogen monoxide or dioxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon Dioxide
Particulate matter

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13
Q

What are some examples. of secondary pollutants

A

Ground level ozone
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid

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14
Q

T/F- Size matters when it comes to particulates

A

True

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15
Q

What size particles have more potential to cause health problems due to the fact they can more easily enter tissue

A

Small particles

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16
Q

Pollution that is produced in one area but falls in a different state or nation is known as

A

Transboundary pollution

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17
Q

T/F- Transboundary pollution can lead to conflict between states or nations

A

True

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18
Q

T/F- Even the most isolated regions on Earth are vulnerable;
Pesticides and industrial chemicals have been found in remote Arctic and
Antarctic regions

A

True

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19
Q

KNOW THE SOURCE ON IG6

A
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20
Q

T/F- Air pollution causes health problems, damages
structures, reduces visibility, and contributes to stratospheric ozone
depletion and climate change.

A

True

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21
Q

What demographic group experience air pollution the worst?

A

minorities and low income areas experience air pollution the worse and is a concern of environmental justice

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22
Q

T/F- In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 7 million people die prematurely each year from exposure to air pollution.

A

True

23
Q

What are some of the MANY consequences of air pollution?

A
  • Maternal exposure to air pollution is linked to premature births and low
    birth weights.
  • People living in polluted areas have higher rates of heart attacks,
    strokes, and cancer—small particles can make it into the bloodstream.
  • Many animals suffer the same respiratory distress as humans.
  • Exposure to pollutants can damage plant tissue and reduce
    photosynthesis.
24
Q

What are some consequences of acid rain?

A
  • acids eat away at limestone and marble structures
  • etches glass and damage steel and concrete
  • causes billions of dollars of damage per year to buildings and monuments
25
Q

the concept that access to a clean, healthy environment is a basic human right is known as

A

Environmental Justice

26
Q

Low-income and
minority areas often have some of the worst air quality this is an example of what issue?

A

Environmental Justice

27
Q

What are environmental impacts of air pollution?

A
  • atmospheric ozone depletion
  • climate change
  • plants: issue damage; impaired hair growth
  • animals: impaired health; reduced reproductive success
  • eutrophication of waterbodies
  • reduced visibility
28
Q

What are the immediate health effects of air pollution?

A
  • eye, nose, throat irritation
  • respiratory infections
  • wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath
  • headache
29
Q

What are long term health effects of air pollution?

A
  • Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases
  • neurological disorders
  • premature birth and low birth weight
  • impaired lung development
  • diabetes
  • cancer
  • premature death
30
Q

What are some of the societal impacts of air pollution?

A
  • low income and minority communities most likely to be affected
  • lost income from missed work
  • health costs to community
31
Q

What secondary pollutant results from fossil fuel burning. It is known to lowe the pH of soil and water bodies, which can harm plants and animals that are exposed

A

Acid deposition

32
Q

What type of emissions are also increasing the acidity of the oceans with
potentially devastating consequences.

A

Anthropogenic CO2 emissions

33
Q

precipitation that contains sulfuric or nitric acid; dry particles may also fall and become acidified once they mix with water is known as

A

Acid Deposition

34
Q

T/F- Acid deposition is a secondary pollutant

A

True

35
Q

How can acids deposition harm aquatic organisms?

A
  • By reducing the hatching success of fish and amphibian eggs
  • Interfering with the passage through later developmental stages
36
Q
  • Change to the soil chemistry and mobilize toxic metals such as aluminum
  • Can hinder plants’ ability to take up water
  • Lead to nutrients leached from the soil
  • Decrease plant growth
  • Weaken and kill plants
    What can cause these issues with soil?
A

Acidification

37
Q

Slide 23

A
38
Q

T/F- U.S. air pollution is regulated by the Clean Air Act,
which sets standards for any pollutant deemed to be harmful to human
health or welfare.

A

True

39
Q

the main U.S. law that authorizes the EPA to set
standards for dangerous air pollutants and enforce those standards is known as

A

Clean Air Act (CAA)

40
Q

T/F- Studies published in 1993 and 2006 established clear links between air
pollution and health risks.

A

True

41
Q

chemicals that readily evaporate and are released into the air as a gas is known as

A

Volatile organic compounds

42
Q

T/F- Household products such as paint, carpets, and cleaners release VOCs and contribute to indoor air pollution

A

True

43
Q

SLIDE 28!

A
44
Q

Indoor air quality is a growing concern among public health scientists. What are some of the culprits

A

Cigarette smoke.
* Paint, carpet, and furniture release VOCs.
* Radon gas can also find its way into buildings.
* Cooking and heating that rely on wood in developing countries
contribute significantly to indoor air pollution

45
Q

What are some ways to reduce indoor air pollution

A
  • Removing the sources
  • Properly storing potential source of air pollution
  • providing adequate ventilation
46
Q

T/F- In Many Less Developed Regions, Cooking and Heating Are Done Indoors with Wood or Other Combustible Fuel

A

True

47
Q

SLIDE 32 and 33

A
48
Q

Legislative control of an activity or industry via rules that identify acceptable actions are known as

A

Command-and-control regulation

49
Q

a tax (fee paid to government) assessed on environmentally undesirable activities is known as

A

Green Tax

50
Q

a reduction in the tax one must pay in exchange for some
desirable action is known as

A

Tax Credit

51
Q

financial assistance given by the government to promote desired activities is known as

A

Subsidies

52
Q

regulations that set an upper limit for pollution emissions, issue permits to producers for a portion of that amount, and allow producers that release less than their allotment to sell permits to those who
exceeded their allotment are known as

A

Cap-and-trade programs

53
Q

T/F- cap- and -trade programs are also known as permit trading

A

True

54
Q

35-37

A

Environmental Bio Lecture and Lab (26 decks)

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