Chapter 2.2 Flashcards by Kellyn Smith

Which of the following actions is an example of a mitigation strategy with regard to climate change?
A.Halting deforestation in tropical areas and planting trees in areas that have already been cleared.
B.Shoring up coastlines that are subject to erosion and flooding.
C.Changing the crops that are planted in a given area to better reflect the changes being experienced in
water availability.
D.Improving disease surveillance to look for the spread of tropical diseases beyond their traditional
range.

A.Halting deforestation in tropical areas and planting trees in areas that have already been cleared.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of scientist studies the population size, distribution, and growth rate influenced by many factors, including the availability of resources and the presence of other species, like predators

Population Ecologist

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What type of animal is protected in Yellowstone under the Endangered Species Act of 1973?

Grey Wolves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What year did Yellowstone reintroduce 41 wolves monitored with radio tracking collars

1995

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Who studies populations to better understand what
makes them thrive, decline, or become overpopulated, in an effort to manage them and the other populations they impact

Ecologists

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Individuals within a species living a specific place and time is known as

Population

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The area where a species can be found is known as the

Range

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What term within its range is influenced by behavioral and ecological factors and is a reflection of how individuals interact with each other and their environment

Population Distribution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When individuals are found in groups or patches within their habitat this is known as

Clumped Distribution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When individuals are spread out over the environment irregularly, with no discernible pattern this is known as a

Random Distribution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Individuals are spaced evenly, perhaps due to territorial behavior or
mechanisms this is known as

Uniform Distribution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What term requires minimal sizes and densities to reproduce successfully and maintain social ties

Populations

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

T/F- high population density can lead to problems such as disease and overuse of resources.

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Changes over time in population and composition is known as

Population Dynamics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the minimum viable population requirements?

enough for mating
not many competitors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The number of individual resources can support indefinitely

Carry Capacity

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the number of individuals per unit area

Population Density

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of growth occurs when population growth is unrestricted; however it will not continue indefinitely

Exponential Growth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The change in population size over time that takes into account the number of births and deaths as well as immigration and emigration numbers

Population Growth Rate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Resources individuals need to survive and reproduce are known as what kind of factors

Growth Factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Things that directly (predators, disease) or
indirectly (competitors) reduce population size are known as

Resistance Factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the formula for population growth?

N1- N
———— X 100
N

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does N stand for in the population growth formula?

N= population size at time 1

What does N1 stand for in the population growth formula?

N1= population size at time 2

In 1930, population size in Manhattan was 1,867,000. In 2021, population size in Manhattan was 1,694,521. Calculate population growth rate for the borough of Manhattan over the 70 year period

1,694,521 - 1,867,000 --------------------------------- X 100 1,694,521 = -10%

In 2009, the elk population was 6070. In 2010 , it was 4635. The combination of births and deaths resulted in 1435 fewer elk (deaths were higher than births) What is the annual growth rate?

(-1435/ 6070) X 100 = -0.24 or -24%

T/F- If the growth rate stays constant, the annual growth rate can be used to predict future population sizes

True

In 1932, the elk population was 16,000. If growth in the previous years was 5%, and we assume it is stable, then the population in 1933 would be

16,000 X 0.05 = 800 16,000+800 =16,800

If the population growth rate remains -10%, the population of Manhattan in 2022 will be Pop size for 2021 was 1,694,521. a. 2, 036, 452 b. 1, 525, 069 c. 1, 863, 973 d. 1, 697, 548

b. 1, 525, 069 1,694,521 X -0.1= -169,452.1 1,694,521 - 169,452.1

What is known as the maximum rate at which the population can grow due to births if nobody dies

Biotic Potential

Why is exponential growth NOT sustainable?

- resources become scarce - Individuals starve or are unable to find habitat for reproduction. - Disease, aggression, and competition increase. - There is increased pressure from predation.

What type of growth occurs when a population nears carrying capacity? - The maximum sustainable population size - Determined by limiting factors

Logistics Growth

Why is the carrying capacity higher for elk than wolves in Yellowstone?

I really don’t know use process of elimination on exam My guess : elk have had an abundance of food and shelter without wolves so they were able to grow to higher numbers, but now that wolves have been introduced it will slowly start to shift

Based off the graph on slide 32, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species A?

Species A is exponential growth

Based off the graph on slide 33, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species B?

Species B is exponential boom bust growth

Based off the graph on slide 34, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species C?

Species C is logistics growth

Based off the graph on slide 35, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species D?

Species D is exponential growth

Based off the graph on slide 36, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species E?

Species E is logistic growth

T/F- Without predation pressure from wolves, elk numbers in Yellowstone doubled between 1914 and 1932

True

What formula is listed? 70 ------ per capita growth rate

Doubling Time

What is the formula for per capita growth rate?

r= births - deaths ----------------------- original pop. size

Factors, such as predation and disease whose impact on a population is influenced by the size of that population is known as

Density Dependent

T/F- In Yellowstone, competition impacts the wolf population in a density dependent fashion

True, As size of wolf packs in Yellowstone increased, so did the incidence of wolf-on-wolf aggression, contributing to a subsequent decline in the wolf population

Factors such as a storm or avalanche, whose impact on a population is not related to population size

Density-independent

Species that have a high biotic potential and that share other characteristics, such as short life span, early maturity, and high fecundity are known as

r-selected species

Species that have a low biotic potential and that share characteristics such as long life span, late maturity, and low fecundity; generally slow logistic population growth is known as

K-selected species

T/F- some species such as deer and elk have both r and K characteristics

True

Why can deer and elk have both r and K characteristics?

They are large organisms that have one or two offspring per year and provide parental care (K characteristic), but their population sizes can increase rapidly if conditions are favorable for growth and survival ( r characteristic)

What term describes population sizes in a community that are limited primarily by availability of resources that enhance growth and survival organisms lower on the food chain?

Bottom-up regulations

What term describes population sizes in a community that are limited primarily by predation from organisms at the top of the food chain?

Top-down regulations

T/F- with a top-down regulation, wolves and other predators control the population size of elk in check. In result, plant populations are regulated by the feeding pressure of herbivores like elk

Truw

T/F- with a bottom- up regulation, wold population sizes are determined by the number of elk and other prey and the elk population is determined by the availability of food

True

In simpler words, in top-down regulation: top of food chain controls population dynamics of area

In simpler words, in bottom-up regulation: limited resources are available Nutrient supply controls population sizes

The location and spacing of individuals within their range is known as

Population Distribution