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Environmental Bio Lecture and Lab > Chapter 2.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Which of the following actions is an example of a mitigation strategy with regard to climate change?
A.Halting deforestation in tropical areas and planting trees in areas that have already been cleared.
B.Shoring up coastlines that are subject to erosion and flooding.
C.Changing the crops that are planted in a given area to better reflect the changes being experienced in
water availability.
D.Improving disease surveillance to look for the spread of tropical diseases beyond their traditional
range.

A

A.Halting deforestation in tropical areas and planting trees in areas that have already been cleared.

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2
Q

What type of scientist studies the population size, distribution, and growth rate influenced by many factors, including the availability of resources and the presence of other species, like predators

A

Population Ecologist

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3
Q

What type of animal is protected in Yellowstone under the Endangered Species Act of 1973?

A

Grey Wolves

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4
Q

What year did Yellowstone reintroduce 41 wolves monitored with radio tracking collars

A

1995

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5
Q

Who studies populations to better understand what
makes them thrive, decline, or become overpopulated, in an effort to manage them and the other populations they impact

A

Ecologists

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6
Q

Individuals within a species living a specific place and time is known as

A

Population

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7
Q

The area where a species can be found is known as the

A

Range

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8
Q

What term within its range is influenced by behavioral and ecological factors and is a reflection of how individuals interact with each other and their environment

A

Population Distribution

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9
Q

When individuals are found in groups or patches within their habitat this is known as

A

Clumped Distribution

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10
Q

When individuals are spread out over the environment irregularly, with no discernible pattern this is known as a

A

Random Distribution

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11
Q

Individuals are spaced evenly, perhaps due to territorial behavior or
mechanisms this is known as

A

Uniform Distribution

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12
Q

What term requires minimal sizes and densities to reproduce successfully and maintain social ties

A

Populations

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13
Q

T/F- high population density can lead to problems such as disease and overuse of resources.

A

True

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14
Q

Changes over time in population and composition is known as

A

Population Dynamics

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15
Q

What is the minimum viable population requirements?

A
  • enough for mating
  • not many competitors
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16
Q

The number of individual resources can support indefinitely

A

Carry Capacity

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17
Q

the number of individuals per unit area

A

Population Density

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18
Q

What kind of growth occurs when population growth is unrestricted; however it will not continue indefinitely

A

Exponential Growth

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19
Q

The change in population size over time that takes into account the number of births and deaths as well as immigration and emigration numbers

A

Population Growth Rate

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20
Q

Resources individuals need to survive and reproduce are known as what kind of factors

A

Growth Factors

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21
Q

Things that directly (predators, disease) or
indirectly (competitors) reduce population size are known as

A

Resistance Factors

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22
Q

What is the formula for population growth?

A

N1- N
———— X 100
N

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23
Q

What does N stand for in the population growth formula?

A

N= population size at time 1

24
Q

What does N1 stand for in the population growth formula?

A

N1= population size at time 2

25
Q

In 1930, population size in Manhattan was 1,867,000. In 2021, population size in
Manhattan was 1,694,521. Calculate population growth rate for the borough of
Manhattan over the 70 year period

A

1,694,521 - 1,867,000
——————————— X 100
1,694,521

= -10%

26
Q

In 2009, the elk population was 6070. In 2010 , it was 4635. The combination of births and deaths resulted in 1435 fewer elk (deaths were higher than births)
What is the annual growth rate?

A

(-1435/ 6070) X 100
= -0.24 or -24%

27
Q

T/F- If the growth rate stays constant, the annual growth rate can be used
to predict future population sizes

A

True

28
Q

In 1932, the elk population was 16,000. If growth in the previous years was 5%, and we assume it is stable, then the population in 1933
would be

A

16,000 X 0.05 = 800
16,000+800 =16,800

29
Q

If the population growth rate remains -10%, the population of Manhattan in 2022 will be
Pop size for 2021 was 1,694,521.
a. 2, 036, 452
b. 1, 525, 069
c. 1, 863, 973
d. 1, 697, 548

A

b. 1, 525, 069
1,694,521 X -0.1= -169,452.1
1,694,521 - 169,452.1

30
Q

What is known as the maximum rate at which the population can grow
due to births if nobody
dies

A

Biotic Potential

31
Q

Why is exponential growth NOT sustainable?

A
  • resources become scarce
  • Individuals starve or are unable to find
    habitat for reproduction.
  • Disease, aggression, and competition
    increase.
  • There is increased pressure from
    predation.
32
Q

What type of growth occurs when a population nears carrying capacity?
- The maximum sustainable population size
- Determined by limiting factors

A

Logistics Growth

33
Q

Why is the carrying capacity higher for elk than wolves in Yellowstone?

A

I really don’t know use process of elimination on exam
My guess : elk have had an abundance of food and shelter without wolves so they were able to grow to higher numbers, but now that wolves have been introduced it will slowly start to shift

34
Q

Based off the graph on slide 32, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species A?

A

Species A is exponential growth

35
Q

Based off the graph on slide 33, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species B?

A

Species B is exponential boom bust growth

36
Q

Based off the graph on slide 34, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species C?

A

Species C is logistics growth

37
Q

Based off the graph on slide 35, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species D?

A

Species D is exponential growth

38
Q

Based off the graph on slide 36, what kind of growth is represented by the graph for species E?

A

Species E is logistic growth

39
Q

T/F- Without predation pressure from wolves, elk numbers in Yellowstone doubled between 1914 and 1932

A

True

40
Q

What formula is listed?
70
——
per capita growth rate

A

Doubling Time

41
Q

What is the formula for per capita growth rate?

A

r= births - deaths
———————–
original pop. size

42
Q

Factors, such as predation and disease whose impact on a population is influenced by the size of that population is known as

A

Density Dependent

43
Q

T/F- In Yellowstone, competition impacts the wolf population in a density dependent fashion

A

True, As size of wolf packs in Yellowstone increased, so did the incidence of wolf-on-wolf aggression, contributing to a subsequent decline in the wolf population

44
Q

Factors such as a storm or avalanche, whose impact on a population is not related to population size

A

Density-independent

45
Q

Species that have a high biotic potential and that share other characteristics, such as short life span, early maturity, and high fecundity are known as

A

r-selected species

46
Q

Species that have a low biotic potential and that share characteristics such as long life span, late maturity, and low fecundity; generally slow logistic population growth is known as

A

K-selected species

47
Q

T/F- some species such as deer and elk have both r and K characteristics

A

True

48
Q

Why can deer and elk have both r and K characteristics?

A

They are large organisms that have one or two offspring per year and provide parental care (K characteristic), but their population sizes can increase rapidly if conditions are favorable for growth and survival ( r characteristic)

49
Q

What term describes population sizes in a community that are limited primarily by availability of resources that enhance growth and survival organisms lower on the food chain?

A

Bottom-up regulations

50
Q

What term describes population sizes in a community that are limited primarily by predation from organisms at the top of the food chain?

A

Top-down regulations

51
Q

T/F- with a top-down regulation, wolves and other predators control the population size of elk in check. In result, plant populations are regulated by the feeding pressure of herbivores like elk

A

Truw

52
Q

T/F- with a bottom- up regulation, wold population sizes are determined by the number of elk and other prey and the elk population is determined by the availability of food

A

True

53
Q

In simpler words, in top-down regulation: top of food chain controls population dynamics of area

A
54
Q

In simpler words, in bottom-up regulation: limited resources are available
Nutrient supply controls population sizes

A
55
Q
A
56
Q

The location and spacing of individuals within their range is known as

A

Population Distribution

Environmental Bio Lecture and Lab (26 decks)

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