Ch 6.3

Question 1

The land area surrounding a body of water is known as a

Answer 1

Watershed

Question 2

What shelf is where most ocean life is found in coastal waters which is also close to inputs of nutrients from rivers or from land runoff

Answer 2

Continental Shelf also known as intertidal zone

Question 3

What ocean habitat supports a wide variety of life dependent on the keystone species of corals found there

Answer 3

Coral reefs

Question 4

What are the four ocean life zones?

Answer 4

Epipelagic
Meso-and-Bathypelagic
Abyssopelagic
Hadal

Question 5

A nutrition rich region where rivers meet oceans are known as

Answer 5

Estuaries

Question 6

What zone can be described as a coastal area that floods at high tide; organisms can also withstand wave action and low tide dry periods

Answer 6

Intertidal zone or also known as the continental shelf

Question 7

This area or zone of the ocean is not as densely populated by ocean life but home to many species on the move, like sharks and whales is known as

Answer 7

Open ocean or the epipelagic zone

Question 8

These ocean zones are described as having deeper regions that are home to squid and strange luminescent fish like anglerfish; plankton make up the base of this food chain also

Answer 8

Meso-, bathy-, and abyssopelagic

Question 9

which ocean zone can be described as having a deep sea community with a food chain that begins with bacteria that receives their energy from chemicals released by vents

Answer 9

Hadal Zone

Question 10

What are the differences in the ocean life zones

Answer 10

sunlight
photosynthesis
organism diversity/ abundance
proximity to land
pressure levels

Question 11

T/F- Estuaries are the nurseries of the sea

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What type of mutualism is associated with coral reefs?

Answer 12

Obligate mutualism

Question 13

Where are coral reefs located

Answer 13

Shallow, tropical waters 30 degrees N and S of the equator

Question 14

T/F- Reefs in Florida contain more that 80 species of coral and about 450 species of fish

Answer 14

True

Question 15

T/F- Reefs in the South Pacific can have hundreds of species of coral and more than 1000 fish species

Answer 15

True

Question 16

What are some of the important services coral reefs provide?

Answer 16

• protection of coastal areas from storms
• purification of the water
• recreational opportunities
• support of important commercial fisheries

Question 17

What are some of the largest threats to oceans?

Answer 17

Habitat destruction
invasive species
pollution
overharesting
ocean acidification (climate change)

Question 18

What are the leading causes of water pollution?

Answer 18

oxygen depletion
mercury
metals
pathogens
nutrients
salinity
temperature
pH levels

Question 19

pollution that has an easily identified source such as factories, wastewater treatment plants, etc- anything with discharge pipes is known as

Answer 19

Point Source Pollution

Question 20

Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea is known as

Answer 20

Effluent

Question 21

Pollution that occurs when the source cannot be easily identified and is commonly from overland flow is known as

Answer 21

Non-point source pollution

Question 22

What disease is the result of bioaccumulation of methlymecury

Answer 22

Minamata Bay Disease

Question 23

What diseases occurred in 1956 with people living in a small town in Japan who were diagnosed with horrible symptoms to a new disease

Answer 23

Minamata Bay Disease

Question 24

What was the cause of the Minamata Bay Disease

Answer 24

the Chisso factory was the cause of pollution in the water which created the disease

Question 25

the buildup of a substance in the tissues of an organism over the course of its lifetime is known as

Answer 25

Bioaccumulation

Question 26

T/F- Fish accumulate mercury every day; the longer it lives, the more mercury the fish will accumulate and store in its tissues

Answer 26

True

Question 27

the increased concentration of
substances in the tissue of
animals at successively
higher levels of the food
chain is known as

Answer 27

Biomagnification

Question 28

T/F- The harp seal ends up with a much higher dose of mercury than other organisms that are lower on the food chain because its prey have much higher levels of mercury than prey eaten by consumer on the lower food chains

Answer 28

True

Question 29

A process in which excess nutrients in aquatic ecosystems feed biological productivity, ultimately lowering the oxygen content in the water is known as

Answer 29

Eutrophication

Question 30

What are the some of the consequences of eutrophication

Answer 30

• Causes algal growth
• blocks sunlight for underwater plants
• oxygen levels fall
• plants at the bottom die
• turbidity increases ( no roots)
• even lower oxygen levels
• kills other organisms, decomposers, proliferate, consuming more oxygen

Question 31

What is a cause of eutrophication?

Answer 31

fertilizer runoff or leaching

Question 32

T/F- Fish suffocate due to lack of oxygen caused by eutrophication

Answer 32

True

Question 33

What policy was put in place to protect water

Answer 33

Clean Water Act

Question 34

T/F- The Clean Water Act covers upstream areas, but not downstream

Answer 34

FALSE, it only covers downstream areas NOT upstream

Question 35

What is the goal of the clean water act?

Answer 35

The goal is to make all of our environmental waters safe for fishing and swimming

Question 36

How do we solve the plastic problem?

Answer 36

Make less, use less
Beach cleanups
chemically engineer biodegradable plastic

Question 37

have to finish