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Environmental Bio Lecture and Lab > Chapter 10.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 10.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What can be described as a serious environmental problem that impacts species, ecosystems, and the health/wellbeing of people arounf the globe with more changes to come

A

Climate Change

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2
Q

How can science help us with the climate change issue?

A

-can evaluate changes
- investigate causes
-provide info to help develop and implement sound policies

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3
Q

Variable conditions day to day describe what

A

Weather

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4
Q

The overall temperature and weather themes that are expected annuals

A

Climate

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5
Q

A change in the overall frequency of climate

A

Climate Change

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6
Q

Which of the following is a description of climate?
a. Today’s temperature is around 60° F
b. Overall, spring in south GA is mild and can be rainy; however, April
is typically dry
c. There is another winter storm (a bomb cyclone!) forecast for the
northeast this weekend
d. Another Arctic mass will push south and cause lower temperatures
in Statesboro this week

A

b. Overall, spring in south GA is mild and can be rainy; however, April
is typically dry

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7
Q

T/F- NASA says 2020 was basically the hottest year on Earth since records began until 2023

A

True

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8
Q

T/F- Climate change is bringing earlier springs, which may trigger drier summers

A

True

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9
Q

Slides 9-15 refer to bird thing handout

Apply the CRAAP test (quickly)- currency, relevance, accuracy, authority, purpose (in general, is this a reliable source)

A

Relatively recent
good amount of research

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10
Q

Review the highlighted unfamilar words

A
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11
Q

What are the 3 pieces of evidence for climate change?

A
  • Most (97%) scientists agree the climate is now changing and that this change is in response to human activities.
  • Evidence is substantial and well supported by many studies (1000s).
  • Uncertainty exists over the rate at which future changes and impacts will unfold, but the broad outline of consequences is not in dispute
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12
Q

T/F- according to a recent report by the Center for Progressive Reform, at least 17 U.S. communities are currently being forced to relocate. Artic regions are some of the hardest hit as the area warms 2 to 3X faster than the world average

A

True

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13
Q

T/F-Climate change is making Hurricanes stronger

A

True

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14
Q

T/F- the University of Wisconsin-Madison has discovered that Earth’s vegetation is changing faster today than it has over the last 18,000 years

A

True

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15
Q

T/F- Uncertainty exists over the rate at which future changes and impacts will unfold, but the broad outline of consequences is not in dispute

A

True

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16
Q

What is the first prediction of climate change?

A

Rise in Temperatures
These include land and water

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17
Q

What is the second prediction of climate change?

A

Weather patterns will change as temperature rises

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18
Q

What is the evidence for the prediction that weather patterns change as temperature rises?

A

There are roughly twice as many (deadly) heat records set now as cold ones
Alterations in the global jet stream cause it to become stationary. This results in extreme persistence of weather patterns like heat waves, drought, rain, and snow

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19
Q

What is the third prediction of climate change?

A

Ice will melt

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20
Q

What is the fourth prediction of climate change?

A

Sea levels will rice due to the ice melting

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21
Q

T/F- As terrestrial glaciers have melted, ocean levels rise

A

True

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22
Q

What is the 5th prediction of climate change?

A

There will be impacts on biodiversity

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23
Q

Changes in the balance of incoming solar radiation relative to the amount that escapes into space is known as

A

Climate Forcer

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24
Q

Molecules that trap reradiated heat are known as

A

Greenhouse gases

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25
Q

The term that describes intensifying temperatures due to higher amounts of greenhouse gases is known as

A

Greenhouse effect

26
Q

T/F- The burning of fossil fuels: Has released 400 billion metric tons of CO2
since 1751

A

True

27
Q

T/F- CO2 accounts for 75% of all greenhouse gas emissions

A

True

28
Q

What is the global warming potential relative to CO2 over 100 years for the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide?

A

1

29
Q

What is the global warming potential relative to CO2 over 100 years for the greenhouse gas methane?

A

28

30
Q

What is the global warming potential relative to CO2 over 100 years for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide?

A

265

31
Q

What is the global warming potential relative to CO2 over 100 years for the greenhouse gas Halocarbons

A

<1 to 13,900?

32
Q

T/F- The air bubbles in ice core annual layers can be evaluated to determine the CO2 concentration present in the atmosphere at the time the air was trapped in the ice

A

True

33
Q

How can incoming solar radiation be handled on Earth?

A
  • absorbed by the atmosphere (23%)
  • 50% is absorbed by the surface
  • 30% is reflected away by the surface or atmosphere
34
Q

T/F- Absorbed radiation is reradiated as shorter wavelengths infrared radiation (heat)

A

True

35
Q

T/F- Roughly the same amount of energy that is absorbed is lost to space ( as hear), keeping Earth’s temp fairly stable

A

True

36
Q

What is the percentage of carbon dioxide that contributes to global warming?

A

65%

37
Q

What is the percentage of land use that contributes to global warming?

A

11%

38
Q

What is the percentage of Methane that contributes to global warming?

A

16%

39
Q

What is the percentage of Halocarbons that contributes to global warming?

A

6%

40
Q

What is the percentage of nitrous oxide that contributes to global warming?

A

2%

41
Q

Seal pelts, used as clothing and footwear for
thousands of years, contain isotopes of carbon
and nitrogen from their prey. Scientists can
determine the prey type and infer the structure
of past food chains—giving a picture of past
environments. Using seal pelts to determine
past environments is an example of ______ data.
a. Direct
b. Modeling
c. Proxy
d. experimental

A

c. Proxy

42
Q

the ability of a surface to reflect away solar radiation is known as

A

Albedo

43
Q

If the reflectivity of a surface is light-colored it has a high or low albedo? (light colored clothes in summer)

A

High Albedo

44
Q

If the reflectivity of a surface is dark-colored it has a high or low albedo? (absorb sunlight, increase heat)

A

Low albedo

45
Q

T/F- a positive feedback loop can be described as a vicious cycle

A

True

46
Q

T/F- a negative feedback loop maintains a specific level

A

True

47
Q

Just know

A

Albedo and Positive feedback:
As ice melts, more water is exposed, which absorbs more heat then temperatures rise then that results in more ice melting

48
Q

predictable variations in Earth’s position in space
relative to the Sun that affect climate are known as

A

Milankovitch cycles

49
Q

T/F- Milankovitch cycles do NOT correlate with current warming

A

True

50
Q

Climate change has impacted other things besides weather. What are some examples of these impacts?

A
  • Freshwater becoming increasing
    scarce in some areas
  • Agricultural productivity
    declining in many areas
  • An increase in pest outbreaks
  • Increasing frequency and
    range of insect-borne
    diseases
  • Wildlife population decline
  • The negative impact of rising
    temperatures and acidification on
    ocean communities
  • Increased risk of fire
  • EX: Australia and the American
    West in 2020
  • Increasing temperatures in inland
    cities
  • Increasing health issues and
    property losses due to sea level
    rise and storm events
  • EX: Two most active hurricane
    seasons in recorded history are
    2005 and 2020.
51
Q

Responding to the warming that has already or will inevitably occur is known as

A

Adaptation

52
Q

Preventing further warming by addressing the causes of climate change are known as

A

Mitigation

53
Q

What are three policies that address climate change?

A

1992 United Nations Framework Convention of Climate Change
The Kyoto Protocol (1997)
2016 Paris Agreement

54
Q

An international treaty that laid out steps to be taken to mitigate climate
change
* Set different but specific targets for the reduction of CO2 emissions for various
countries
* United States did not ratify the protocol
* Expired in 2012

A

Kyoto Protocol

55
Q

What agreement replaced the Kyoto agree that allowed nations to set their own targets,
with a goal of keeping warming “well below
2°C” above preindustrial levels, preferably
capping warming at 1.5°C
* signed by most nations of
the world, including then U.S. president
Barack Obama.
* 2017: President Donald Trump withdrew the
United States from the agreement; formal
notification was submitted in 2019

A

2016 Paris Agreement

56
Q

What are the 5 predictions of climate change?

A

1) temps rising
2) weather patterns will change
3) ice will melt
4) sea levels will rise
5) there will be impacts on biodiversity

57
Q

In the Amazon, researchers have discovered that birds are___ due o climate change
A) shifting ranges (migrating up in elevation)
B) changing morphology ( lighter, longer wings)
C) changing their songs (getting louder)
D) changing their diets to include wider variety

A

B) changing morphology ( lighter, longer wings)

58
Q

Measurements that allow one to directly infer a value such as the temperature o atmospheric conditions in years past is known as

A

Proxy Data

59
Q

T/F- Air bubbles in ice that measure CO2 is known as proxy data

A

true

60
Q

Which of the following correctly
defines a climate forcer?
a. Anything that alters the balance of incoming solar radiation relative to the
amount that escapes into space
b. Molecules in the atmosphere that absorb heat and reradiate it back to
Earth.
c. Long-term patterns or trends in weather
d. Governmental fees imposed on activities that release greenhouse gases
into the atmosphere

A

a. Anything that alters the balance of incoming solar radiation relative to the
amount that escapes into space

61
Q

What are some examples of proxy data?

A
  • tree rings-measure tree growth
    The oxygen–isotope ratio in coral skeletons can indicate past water
    temperatures.
  • Lake sediments can be evaluated for species composition and
    amounts of pollen.
62
Q

Computer programs that make future climate projections by plugging in values for temperature, CO2 concentrations,
global air circulation patterns, and so on this can also
* Attribution and predictions
* and answer questions about which climate forcers should we think about?

A

Climate Models

Environmental Bio Lecture and Lab (26 decks)

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