chapter 41 part 2 Flashcards
small, vermiform appendage about 8 to 10 cm (3 to 4 inches) long that is attached to the cecum just below the ileocecal valve
appendix
most frequent cause of acute abdomen in the United States
appendicitis
a saclike herniation of the lining of the bowel that extends through a defect in the muscle layer
diverticulum
surgical removal of the appendix
appendectomy
method of providing nutrients to the body by an IV route
parenteral nutrition
tumors of the colon and rectum are relatively common
colorectal neoplasms
exists when blockage prevents the normal flow of intestinal contents
intestinal obstruction
inability of the digestive system to absorb one or more of the major vitamins (especially A and B12), minerals (iron and calcium), and nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) occurs in disorders of malabsorption
malabsorption syndrome
a disorder of malabsorption caused by an autoimmune response to consumption of products that contain the protein gluten
celiac disease
most commonly found in wheat, barley, rye, and other grains, malt, dextrin, and brewer’s yeast
gluten
is celiac disease curable?
NO, it is a lifelong disease
what is treatment for celiac disease?
no drugs; do not eat gluten foods
characterized by an acute onset of abdominal pain that does not have a traumatic etiology and that most typically requires swift surgical intervention
acute abdomen
inflammation of the peritoneum
peritonitis
the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera
peritoneum
caused by leakage of contents from abdominal organs into the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of inflammation, infection, ischemia, trauma, or tumor perforation
secondary peritonitis
what type of pain can be felt in appendicitis
vague periumbilical pain
major complications of appendicitis are
gangrene
perforation of the appendix
a saclike herniation of the lining of the bowel that extends through a defect in the muscle layer
diverticulum
diverticulum is common on what part
colon
defined by the presence of multiple diverticula without inflammation or symptoms
diverticulosis
is inflammation of one or more diverticula and is a common reason for elective colectomy
diverticulitis
form when the mucosal and submucosal layers of the colon herniate through the muscular wall
diverticula
exists when blockage prevents the normal flow of intestinal contents through the intestinal tract
intestinal obstruction
a group of chronic disorders: Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis that result in inflammation or ulceration (or both) of the bowel
inflammatory bowel disease
also called regional enteritis
crohn’s disease
characterized by a subacute and chronic inflammation of the GI tract wall that extends through all layers (mouth to anus)
crohn’s disease
method of providing nutrients to the body by an IV route
parenteral nutrition
used for intermediate-term (several days to months) IV therapy in the hospital, long-term care, or home setting
peripheral inserted central catheters / PICC
what is the most common presenting symptom in colorectal neoplasm
change of bowel habits
what is the second common presenting symptom in colorectal neoplasm
bloody stools
inflammation of the mucosa of the rectum
proctitis
