chapter 41 part 1 Flashcards
defined as fewer than three bowel movements weekly or bowel movements that are hard, dry, small, or difficult to pass
constipation
what gender is at risk of constipation
women
important to bowel health because it increases the bulk of stool, generally easing its passage
fiber
affects the diversity of microbes in the GI tract and promotes good bowel wall health
fermentability
what are the classes of constipation
functional c.
slow transit c.
dyssynergic c.
opioid induced c.
most common type of constipation; normal transit mechanisms of mucosal transport and can be successfully treated by increasing intake of fiber and fluids.
functional constipation
type of constipation: caused by inherent ‘disorders of the motor function of the colon’ and is characterized by infrequent bowel movements; defecatory disorders
slow transit constipation
type of constipation: caused by an inability to coordinate the abdominal, pelvic floor, and rectoanal muscles to defecate.
dyssynergic constipation
type of constipation: new or worsening symptoms that occur when opioid therapy is initiated,
opioid constipation
the feeling that you need to pass stools, even though your bowels are already empty
tenesmus
pressure studies such as a balloon expulsion test; may be performed to assess malfunction of the sphincter
anorectal manometry
dilated portions of anal veins
hemorrhoids
normal or abnormal folds, grooves, or cracks in body tissue
fissures
Daily dietary intake per day
25 g to 3o g per day
Increased frequency of bowel movements (more than three per day) with altered consistency (ie, increased liquidity) of stool
diarrhea
______ diarrhea – self-limiting, lasting 1 or 2 days
acute diarrhea
_____ diarrhea - lasts between 2 and 4 weeks
persistent diarrhea
_____ diarrhea - persists for more than 4 weeks and may return sporadically
chronic diarrhea
gram-positive anaerobic organism and the most commonly identified bacterium in antibiotic-associated diarrhea
clostridium difficile
most common complication of diarrhea is
dehydration
examples of complication of diarrhea
dehydration
cardiac arrhythmias
metabolic acidosis
Older patients can become dehydrated quickly and develop this specific electrolyte imbalance
hypokalemia/low potassiuum
describes the recurrent ‘involuntary passage of stool from the rectum for at least 3 months’
fecal incontinence
what are the main symptom is an alteration in bowel patterns (IBS):
diarrhea
constipation
combination of both
a chart that healthcare professionals can use to help identify bowel issues ‘based on the appearance of stool’
bristol stool form scale
celiac disease has a familial risk component- particularly among ____ degree relatives
first
also called as inadvertent bowel leakage
fecal incontinence
a chronic functional disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with disordered bowel movements (include diarrhea, constipation, or both)
irritable bowel syndrome
this results from a functional disorder of intestinal motility.
IBS
define IBS as recurrent abdominal pain occurring at least once daily during the last 3 months
ROME IV CRITERIA
