chapter 38 part 2

Question 1

stores and mixes food with secretion; secretes a highly acidic fluid

Answer 1

stomach

Question 2

secreted by the glands of the stomach

Answer 2

hydrochloride acid

Question 3

an important enzyme for protein digestion

Answer 3

pepsin

Question 4

the END PRODUCT of the conversion of pepsinogen from the chief cells

Answer 4

pepsin

Question 5

secreted by the gastric mucosa; combines with dietary vitamin B12 so that the vitamin can be absorbed in the ileum

Answer 5

intrinsic factor

Question 6

Food remains in the stomach from ___ minutes to ____ hours.

Answer 6

30 minutes to several hours

Question 7

DUODENAL secretions come from the accessory digestive organs

Answer 7

pancreas
liver
gallbladder

Question 8

what are the digestive enzymes:

Answer 8

amylase
lipase
bile

Question 9

what are the digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas:

Answer 9

trypsin
amylase
lipase

Question 10

secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder

Answer 10

bile

Question 11

produce mixing waves that ‘move the intestinal contents’ back and forth in a churning motion

Answer 11

segmentation contractions

Question 12

it is broken down into disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, galactose) and monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)

Answer 12

carbohydrates

Question 13

‘major carbohydrate’ that tissue cells use as FUEL

Answer 13

glucose

Question 14

a SOURCE OF ENERGY after they are broken down into amino acids and peptides

Answer 14

protein

Question 15

stays in the small intestine for 3 to 6 hours, allowing for continued breakdown and absorption of nutrients

Answer 15

chyme

Question 16

small, fingerlike projections that line the entire intestine and function to produce digestive enzymes as well as to absorb nutrients

Answer 16

villi

Question 17

absorption begins in this part of small intestine

Answer 17

jejunum

Question 18

what part of the small intestine: absorbs fats, proteins, carbohydrates, sodium, and chloride

Answer 18

jejunum

Question 19

what part of the small intestine: absorbs Vitamin B12 and bile salts

Answer 19

ileum

Question 20

a MAJOR COMPONENT of the contents of the LARGE INTESTINE, assist in completing the breakdown of waste material, especially of undigested or unabsorbed proteins and bile salts

Answer 20

microbe guts (bacteria)

Question 21

a bicarbonate solution that acts to neutralize the end products formed by the colonic bacterial action

Answer 21

electrolyte solution

Question 22

PROTECTS THE COLONIC MUCOSA from the intraluminal contents and provides adherence for the fecal mass

Answer 22

mucus

Question 23

consist of undigested foodstuffs, inorganic materials, water, and bacteria

Answer 23

feces

Question 24

feces consists of ??

Answer 24

75% fluid
25% solid

Question 25

GI tract normally contains approximately ____ of gases

Answer 25

150 ml g

Question 26

the sphincter controlled by the autonomic nervous system

Answer 26

internal sphincter

Question 27

sphincter controlled by the cerebral cortex

Answer 27

external sphincter

Question 28

the COMPLEMENT OF MICROBES in the GI tract

Answer 28

GUT MICROBIOTA

Question 29

the normal gut microbiota is established by ____ years of age

Answer 29

2

Question 30

the COLLECTIVE GENOME of the microbiota

Answer 30

GUT MICROBIOME

Question 31

the gut that protects the host against invasion by pathogenic organisms

Answer 31

gut microbiome

Question 32

first line of defense against pathogenic microbes and microbial agents

Answer 32

intestinal epithelium