chapter 38 part 2 Flashcards
stores and mixes food with secretion; secretes a highly acidic fluid
stomach
secreted by the glands of the stomach
hydrochloric acid
an important enzyme for protein digestion
pepsin
the END PRODUCT of the conversion of pepsinogen from the chief cells
pepsin
secreted by the gastric mucosa; combines with dietary vitamin B12 so that the vitamin can be absorbed in the ileum
intrinsic factor
Food remains in the stomach from ___ minutes to ____ hours.
30 minutes to several hours
DUODENAL secretions come from the accessory digestive organs
pancreas
liver
gallbladder
what are the digestive enzymes:
amylase
lipase
bile
what are the digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas:
trypsin
amylase
lipase
secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
bile
produce mixing waves that ‘move the intestinal contents’ back and forth in a churning motion
segmentation contractions
it is broken down into disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, galactose) and monosaccharides (glucose, fructose)
carbohydrates
‘major carbohydrate’ that tissue cells use as FUEL
glucose
a SOURCE OF ENERGY after they are broken down into amino acids and peptides
protein
stays in the small intestine for 3 to 6 hours, allowing for continued breakdown and absorption of nutrients
chyme
small, fingerlike projections that line the entire intestine and function to produce digestive enzymes as well as to absorb nutrients
villi
absorption begins in this part of small intestine
jejunum
what part of the small intestine: absorbs fats, proteins, carbohydrates, sodium, and chloride
jejunum
what part of the small intestine: absorbs Vitamin B12 and bile salts
ileum
a MAJOR COMPONENT of the contents of the LARGE INTESTINE, assist in completing the breakdown of waste material, especially of undigested or unabsorbed proteins and bile salts
microbe guts (bacteria)
a bicarbonate solution that acts to neutralize the end products formed by the colonic bacterial action
electrolyte solution
PROTECTS THE COLONIC MUCOSA from the intraluminal contents and provides adherence for the fecal mass
mucus
consist of undigested foodstuffs, inorganic materials, water, and bacteria
feces
feces consists of ??
75% fluid
25% solid
GI tract normally contains approximately ____ of gases
150 ml g
the sphincter controlled by the autonomic nervous system
internal sphincter
sphincter controlled by the cerebral cortex
external sphincter
the COMPLEMENT OF MICROBES in the GI tract
GUT MICROBIOTA
the normal gut microbiota is established by ____ years of age
2
the COLLECTIVE GENOME of the microbiota
GUT MICROBIOME
the gut that protects the host against invasion by pathogenic organisms
gut microbiome
first line of defense against pathogenic microbes and microbial agents
intestinal epithelium
