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MS2 P1 > chapter 38 part 1 > Flashcards

chapter 38 part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the length of the GI tract

A

7 to 7.9 meter / 23-26 feet

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2
Q

it is located in the MEDIASTINUM, anterior to the spine and posterior to the trachea and heart

A

esophagus

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3
Q

size of esophagus

A

25 cm

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4
Q

the diaphragm at an opening

A

diaphragm hiatus

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5
Q

can be ‘found at the left upper portion of the abdomen’ under the left lobe of the liver and the diaphragm, overlaying most of the pancreas

A

stomach

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6
Q

what is the capacity of the stomach

A

1500 ml

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7
Q

stores food during eating, secretes digestive fluids, and propels the partially digested food, or chyme, into the small intestine

A

stomach

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8
Q

stomach has four anatomic regions:

A

cardia
fundus
body
pylorus

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9
Q

what is the entrance of the stomach

A

cardia

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10
Q

what is the exit of the stomach

A

pylorus

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11
Q

longest segment of the GI tract

A

small intestine

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12
Q

what is the length of small intestine

A

70m

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13
Q

the process by which ‘nutrients enter the bloodstream’ through the intestinal walls

A

absorption

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14
Q

three sections of small intestine:

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

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15
Q

most proximal section of small intestine:

A

duodenum

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16
Q

middle section of small intestine:

A

jejunum

17
Q

distal section of small intestine:

A

ileum

18
Q

controls the flow of digested material from the ileum into the cecal portion of the large intestine and prevents reflux of bacteria into the small intestine

A

valve/sphincter

19
Q

consists of an ascending segment on the right side of the abdomen

A

large intestine

20
Q

terminal portion of the large intestine:

A

sigmoid colon
rectum
anus

21
Q

blood flow to the GI tract is about ____ of the total cardiac output and increases significantly after eating

A

20%

22
Q

what nerve stimulation causes peristalsis and increases secretory activities

A

parasympathetic nerve stimulation

23
Q

give functions of the digestive system:

A

breakdown for digestion
absorption
elimination

24
Q

the process of digestion BEGINS with this act

A

chewing

25
Q

the process that the ‘food is broken down into small particles’ that can be swallowed and mixed with digestive enzymes

A

chewing

26
Q

an enzyme that begins the digestion of STARCHES

A

ptalyn/salivary amylase

27
Q

help LUBRICATE the food as it is chewed, thereby facilitating swallowing

A

water and mucus

28
Q

Swallowing begins as a voluntary act that is regulated by the ________ of the central nervous system (CNS)

A

medulla oblongata

29
Q

closes tightly to
prevent reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus

A

lower esophagel sphincter

MS2 P1 (7 decks)

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