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Patho Units 7-10 > Chapter 40 > Flashcards

Chapter 40 Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolize nutrients, detoxify chemicals, secrete bile, synthesize albumin and clotting factors, and other functions.

A

hepatocytes

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2
Q

remove bacteria and foreign particles from blood in the hepatic sinusoids

A

kupffer cells

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3
Q

secrete digestive enzymes

A

pancreatic acinar cells

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4
Q

secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid

A

pancreatic ductal epithelium

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5
Q

gastrin and motilin ___ gastric emptying.

A

stimulate

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6
Q

secretin and cholecystokinin ____ gastric emptying.

A

delay

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7
Q

The liver produces bile that is slightly ___

A

alkaline

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8
Q

The composition of saliva depends on the rate of ____

A

it’s secetion

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9
Q

Saliva contains these which can help prevent infection.

A

immunoglobulin A

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10
Q

Stretching the esophagus or intestine by a bolus of food causes

A

peristalsis

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11
Q

Fatty foods ____ gastric emptying.

A

delay

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12
Q

Hypertonic gastric contents ____ gastric emptying

A

delay

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13
Q

The intestinal brush border is the collection of ____; enzymes in the brush border hydrolyze ____.

A

microvilli; oligopeptides

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14
Q

Most of the water that enters the GI tract each day is absorbed in the _____.

A

small intestine.

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15
Q

Sugars are absorbed primarily in the ___ portions of the small intestine.

A

initial

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16
Q

The intestinal tract is ___ at birth and becomes colonized within _____.

A

sterile; 3-4 weeks.

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17
Q

A choleretic agent is a substance that stimulates the…

A

liver to secrete bile.

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18
Q

Pancreatic proteases are secreted in ____ form.

A

inactive

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19
Q

Pancreatic amylases are secreted in ____ form.

A

active

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20
Q

Pancreatic lipases are secreted in ___ form.

A

active

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21
Q

As age increases, GI motility, liver blood flow and enzyme activity tends to ____

A

decrease

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22
Q

Liver functions tests _______ in an older adult who does not have overt liver disease.

A

remain normal

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23
Q

Action of histamine on secretion of gastric acid

A

increases

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24
Q

Action of cholecystokinin on secretion of gastric acid

A

decreases

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25
Q

Action of gastrin on secretion of gastric acid

A

increase

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26
Q

action of increased vagal stimulation on secretion of gastric acid

A

increase

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27
Q

Action of sympathetic stimulation on on secretion of gastric acid

A

decrease

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28
Q

Action of caffeine on secretion of gastric acid

A

increase

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29
Q

what structures lie between sheets of hepatocytes?

A

sinusoids

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30
Q

What is the source of the blood that enters the sinusoids?

A

branches of the hepatic portal vein & hepatic artery

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31
Q

The sinusoids drain into what blood vessels?

A

central veins

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32
Q

Hepatocytes secrete bile into what structures?

A

the canaliculi, which empty into bile ducts

33
Q

the upper third of the esophagus has

A

striated muscle

34
Q

the lower third of the esophagus has

A

smooth muscle

35
Q

The visceral layer of the peritoneum covers the

A

abdominal organs

36
Q

The parietal layer of the peritoneum extends along the

A

abdominal wall

37
Q

the lower portion of the stomach

A

antrum

38
Q

the upper portion of the stomach

A

fundus

39
Q

A water-soluble collection of bile salts and various forms of fat and cholesterol in the intestinal lumen.

A

micelle

40
Q

A water-soluble collection of triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipoproteins that circulates in the lymph and blood

A

chylomicron

41
Q

pancreatic enzyme that digests proteins

A

trypsin

42
Q

gastric enzyme that digests proteins

A

pepsin

43
Q

salivary enzyme that digests carbs

A

ptyalin

44
Q

pancreatic enzyme that digests cabrs

A

amylase

45
Q

intestinal enzyme that digests disaccharides

A

maltase

46
Q

pancreatic enzyme that digests fats

A

lipase

47
Q

branches of this artery provide most of the blood to the stomach

A

celiac artery

48
Q

this artery provides most of the blood to the small intestine

A

superior mesenteric artery

49
Q

The three segments of the small intestine in order.

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

50
Q

The center of the every villus has a lymphatic capillary that is known as a _____ that is important for absorption of _____ molecules.

A

lacteal; fat

51
Q

This occurs in the crypts of the intestine.

A

secretion

52
Q

this occurs in the tops off the villi in the intestine

A

absorption

53
Q

Synthesized by the liver and prevents enterocytes from taking up iron.

A

hepcidin

54
Q

Marks the junction between the terminal ileum and the large intestine

A

ileocecal valve

55
Q

the ileocecal valve is normally ___ to prevent retrograde flow of intestinal contents

A

closed

56
Q

The four parts of the colon in order.

A

ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon.

57
Q

The internal anal sphincter contains ____ muscle; the external anal sphincter contains ____ muscle.

A

smooth; striated

58
Q

The remnant of the umbilical vein

A

round ligament

59
Q

separates the right and left lobes of the liver and attaches the liver to the anterior abdominal wall.

A

falciform ligament

60
Q

Hepatocytes synthesize the primary bile acids from

A

cholesterol

61
Q

the body recycles bile acids through the process of

A

enterhepatic circulation

62
Q

This hormone activates trypsinogen in the duodenum

A

enterkinase

63
Q

The layers of the stomach and intestinal walls in order beginning a the lumen are:

A

the mucosa, submuscosa, muscularis, and serosa

64
Q

Lies within the GI tract and consists of neurons of the submucosal plexus, the myenteric plexus, and the subserosal plexus

A

enteric nervous system

65
Q

pepsin is only active in the

A

stomach

66
Q

substance secreted by gastric G cells

A

gastrin

67
Q

valve between the stomach and duodenum

A

pyloric

68
Q

gastric cells that secrete pepsinogen

A

chief

69
Q

gastric cells that secrete hydrochloric acid

A

parietal

70
Q

substance secreted by gastric enterochromaffin-like cells

A

histamine

71
Q

substance secreted by gastric D cells

A

somatostatin

72
Q

phase of gastric acid secretion involving anticipation and swallowing

A

cephalic

73
Q

Sphincter through which bile enters the intestine

A

oddi

74
Q

an iron-binding protein

A

transferrin

75
Q

localized rhythmic contractions of intestinal circular smooth muscles that are not peristalsis

A

segmentation

76
Q

waves of sequential relaxations and contractions of the GI muscles

A

peristalsis

77
Q

partially digested food int he stomach and intestine

A

chyme

78
Q

the functional units of the intestine

A

villi

79
Q

factor necessary for the intestinal absorption of vitamin B12

A

intrinsic

Patho Units 7-10 (15 decks)

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