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Patho Units 7-10 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

the osmolality of the intracellular fluid normally is (higher than, the same as, lower than) the extracellular fluid because H2O crosses cell membranes (with difficulty, freely) through aquaporins

A

the same as

freely

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2
Q

what intracellular molecule is primarily responsible for the plasma oncotic pressure

A

Albumin

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3
Q

Thirst prompts fluid intake thru action of ( ) located in the ( )

A

osmoreceptors

hypothalamus

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4
Q

isotonic fluid excess causes

A

hypervolemia

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5
Q

renal compensation for acid-base balance is (fast/slow) & pulmonary compensation is (fast/slow)?

A

slow

fast

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6
Q

fluid moves out of capillaries by ( ) and into or out of cells by ( )

A

filtration

osmosis

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7
Q

Hypercapnia means an excess of what in the blood?

A

CO2

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8
Q

The most dangerous effect of hyperK+ is its action on the …

A

heart

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9
Q

edema: tumor on lymph node

A

lymphatic obstruction

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10
Q

edema: R heart failure

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

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11
Q

edema: infected wound

A

increased capillary permiability

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12
Q

edema: clot in vein

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

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13
Q

edema: protein malnutrition

A

decreased plasma oncotic pressure

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14
Q

edema: bee sting

A

increased capillary permiability

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15
Q

edema: ESRD

A

increased capillary hydrostatic pressure

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16
Q

greater % body water wt? lean woman or obese woman

A

lean woman

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17
Q

greater % body water wt? infant or adolescent?

A

infant

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18
Q

greater % body water wt if both weigh the same? woman or man?

A

man

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19
Q

greater % body water wt if both weigh the same? 56 y/o man or 78 y/o man?

A

56 y/o man

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20
Q

where is K+ ion concentration greater? intra or extra cellular fluid

A

intra

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21
Q

where is Na+ ion concentration greater? intra or extra cellular fluid?

A

extra

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22
Q

which is greater? the pH of acid or the pH of alkaline solution?

A

alkaline

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23
Q

which is greater? the RR during metabolic acidosis or RR during metabolic alkalosis

A

acidosis

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24
Q

Water moves into the cell when extracellular fluid is hypotonic or hypertonic

A

hypotonic

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25
Q

Water moves out of the cell when the extracellular fluid is hypo or hypertonic?

A

hypertonic

26
Q

when the ECF is hypotonic H2O moves (into or out of) the cell through ( ) to balance osmolality

A

into

osmosis

27
Q

When the ECF is hypertonic, H2O moves (into or out of) the cell through ( ) to balance osmolality

A

out of

osmosis

28
Q

What are cerebral manifestations that occur when neurons swell because of hypernatremia

A

confusion, LOC, seizures, lethargy, coma

29
Q

Why are clinical manifestations of hyperNa+ and hypo Na+ so similar?

A

Neurons in both care are not functioning properly and manifest nonspecific cerebral disfunction

30
Q

Angiotensin II and increased K+ stimulate secretion of what? To what end?

A

Aldosterone
increases renal Na+ and H2O absorbtion - increase BP;
increased renal excretion of K+ and H+ ions

31
Q

Low plasma Ca++ stimulates secretion of what hormone? To what end

A

Parathyroid hormone

increase reabsorption of bone, renal reabsorption of Ca++ and inhibits renal reabsorption of phosphate

32
Q

Increased volume in cardiac atria stimulates secretion of what? to what end

A

Atrial Natriuretic peptide

increases renal Na+ and H2O excretion - lowers BP

33
Q

High plasma Ca++ increases secretion of what? To what end?

A

Calcitonin

Inhibits osteoclasts in bones

34
Q

fluid that is part of the extracellular fluid

A

blood and interstitial fluid

35
Q

all the fluid outside of cells –fluid in vessels and between cells

A

extracellular fluid

36
Q

acid secreted by the lungs

A

volatile acid - carbonic acide

37
Q

acid secreted by kidneys

A

nonvolatile acid - metabolic acid - sodium bicarb

38
Q

pH of blood is <7.35

A

acidemia

39
Q

too much acid, too little base (ratio is off)

A

acidosis

40
Q

in acid-base imbalance returns imbalance between acid and base to normal levels

A

correction

41
Q

returns ratio of bicarb to carbonic acid to 20:1 which is normal, but acid/base balance is still off

A

compensation

42
Q

1/3 of body H2O is ( ) fluid, 2/3s is ( ) fluid

A

extracellular

intracellular

43
Q

a standard 68 K man has ( ) liters of total body H2O

A

40.8

44
Q

Excessive fluid within the interstitial space is called

A

edema

45
Q

an ( ) fluid has the same concentration of solute as plasma

A

isontonic

46
Q

a person with lung disease could develop a primary ( ) acid-base imbalance, but a person with kidney diseases may develop a primary ( ) acid-base imbalance

A

respiratory

metabolic

47
Q

when the blood pH is 7.40, the bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio is

A

20:1

48
Q

the buffer pair is

A

a weak acid and its conjugate base

49
Q

anion gap may help distinguish between different causes of

A

metabolic acidosis

50
Q

overuse of phosphate-containing OTC enemas can cause ( ) which will ( ) the plasma Ca++ concentration

A

increased phosphatemia

decrease

51
Q

isotonic fluid excesses and hypoK+ can cause

A

edema, weight gain, constipation, muscle weakness abdominal distention

52
Q

slow, shallow respers, blood pH <7.35, blood PaCO2 increased is caused by

A

respiratory acidosis

53
Q

hyperventilation causing paresthesias of fingers, lightheadedness, confusion

A

respiratory alkalosis

54
Q

repeated vomiting, tachycardia, rapid wt loss, decreased urine output, muscle weakness, slow shallow breathing & lethargy

A

isotonic fluid deficit, hypoK+, metabolic alkalosis

55
Q

hyperparathyroidism - fatigue, anorexia, constipation, lethargy

A

hypercalcemia

56
Q

which direction does insulin move K+?

A

from ECF into cell

57
Q

which direction does epi move K+?

A

from ECF into cell

58
Q

which direction does alkalosis move K+?

A

from ECF into cell

59
Q

which direction does hyper Na+ move H2O

A

from cell to ECF

60
Q

gravity pulls fluid to lowest place

A

dependent edema

Patho Units 7-10 (15 decks)

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