Chapter 28 Flashcards
increased blood level of immature erythrocytes?
Reticulocytosis
increased number or volume of circulating erythrocytes
polycythemia
decreased number or volume of circulating erythrocytes
anemia
premature death of damaged erythrocytes
eryptosis
having erythrocytes of different shapes
poikilocytosis
having erythrocytes of different sizes
anisocytosis
decreased number of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
pancytopenia
When plasma volume increases to compensate for anemia, the blood viscosity ___ which causes blood flow to be___.
decreases; turbulent
Defective DNA synthesis in bone marrow precursors usually creates erythrocytes that are ___ and normochromic.
macrocytic.
Folate deficiency anemia is associated with chronic malnourishment and chronic abuse of __.
alcohol
The term megaloblastic anemia indicates that the erythrocytes are ___.
macrocytic
the incidence of iron deficiency anemia is __ in women during their reproductive years and ___ after menopause.
highest; decreases
Lactoferrin released by neutrophils during bacterial infection ___ iron, this contributing to ___.
binds; anemia of chronic disease
A major contributor to the anemia of chronic kidney disease us ___ of erythropoietin.
deficiency
People who are dehydrated after extensive diarrhea have ____ polycythemia; people who have hypercapneic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have ___ polycythemia.
relative; absolute
Hemolysis from a mismatched blood transfusion is an example of ___ hemolytic aneimia that occurs____.
alloimmune; intravascularly
Individuals who have congenital hemolytic disorders typically have a ___ spleen.
large
Appearance of the erythrocytes in iron deficient anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.
microcytic-hypochromic.
Appearance of the erythrocytes in aplastic anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.
normocytic-normochromic
Appearance of the erythrocytes in pernicious anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.
macrocytic-normochromic
Appearance of the erythrocytes in posthemorrhagic anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.
normocytic-normochromic
Appearance of the erythrocytes in thalessemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.
microcytic-hypochromic.
Appearance of the erythrocytes in sickle cell anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.
normocytic-normochromic
Appearance of the erythrocytes in folic deficiency anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.
macrocytic-normochromic
Appearance of the erythrocytes in anemia of chronic disease are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.
normocytic-normochromic
What is the general cause of anemia in hereditary spherocytosis? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?
increased erythrocyte destruction
What is the general cause of anemia in anemia of chronic disease? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?
impaired erythrocyte production
What is the general cause of anemia in iron deficient anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?
impaired erythrocyte production
What is the general cause of anemia in sickle cell anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?
increased erythrocyte destruction
What is the general cause of anemia in G6PD deficiency ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?
increased erythrocyte destruction
What is the general cause of anemia in pernicious anemia ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?
impaired erythrocyte production
What is the general cause of anemia in aplastic anemia ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?
impaired erythrocyte production
What is the general cause of anemia in folate deficiency anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?
impaired erythrocyte production
What technical term applies to the concave, brittle fingernails?
kiolonychia
When describing the appearence of erythrocytes terms that end with ___ refer to hemoglobin content, and terms that end with ___ refer to cell size.
-chromic; -cytic
Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal ___ disorder that causes increased absorption of dietary ___.
recessive; iron
Sideroblastic anemia are characterized by defective synthesis of ___ and may be acquired or hereditary in which case they usually have recessive___transmission.
home; x-linked
Myelodyslpastic syndrome involved defects in all lines of hematopoietic__cells; some persons with this condition develop acute ___.
stem; leukemia
Serum Ferritin levels are used to evaluate __status when diagnosing anemia.
Iron
Primary acquired aplastic anemia is an ____ disease in which ___ T cells damage the hematopoietic stem cells in the ___ ___.
autoimmune; cytotoxic; bone marrow
Release of ___ during chronic inflammation contributes to the anemia of chronic disease by decreasing the availability of ___and inhibiting erythroid progenitors.
cytokines; iron
Congentital hemolytic anemias are cause by ___ defects in erythrocytes but acquired hemolytic anemias usually are caused by ___system.
intrinsic; immune
Hemolysis is most inherited hemolytic anemias occurs in the __ by the action of ___.
spleen; macrophages
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by ___ binding to erythrocytes with subsequent destruction of those erythrocytes in the ___.
IgG; spleen
Drug induced hemolytic anemia from antibiotics usually begins when the antibiotic serves as a ___and binds to erythrocyte proteins
hapten
Hemolysis occurs slowly will not cause anemia because bone marrow can increase erythrocyte production up to ___ times its normal rate; jaundice occurs from hemolysis only when heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to process and excrete ___.
8; bilirubin
What type of erythrocyte defect is in thalassemia?
Hgb synthesis defect
What type of erythrocyte defect is in hereditary spherocytosis?
membrane defect
What type of erythrocyte defect is in sickle cell anemia?
Hgb synthesis defect
What type of erythrocyte defect is in G6PD deficiency anemia?
enzyme pathway defect
What type of erythrocyte defect is in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?
membrane defect
