Chapter 28

Question 1

increased blood level of immature erythrocytes?

Answer 1

Reticulocytosis

Question 2

increased number or volume of circulating erythrocytes

Answer 2

polycythemia

Question 3

decreased number or volume of circulating erythrocytes

Answer 3

anemia

Question 4

premature death of damaged erythrocytes

Answer 4

eryptosis

Question 5

having erythrocytes of different shapes

Answer 5

poikilocytosis

Question 6

having erythrocytes of different sizes

Answer 6

anisocytosis

Question 7

decreased number of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Answer 7

pancytopenia

Question 8

When plasma volume increases to compensate for anemia, the blood viscosity ___ which causes blood flow to be___.

Answer 8

decreases; turbulent

Question 9

Defective DNA synthesis in bone marrow precursors usually creates erythrocytes that are ___ and normochromic.

Answer 9

macrocytic.

Question 10

Folate deficiency anemia is associated with chronic malnourishment and chronic abuse of __.

Answer 10

alcohol

Question 11

The term megaloblastic anemia indicates that the erythrocytes are ___.

Answer 11

macrocytic

Question 12

the incidence of iron deficiency anemia is __ in women during their reproductive years and ___ after menopause.

Answer 12

highest; decreases

Question 13

Lactoferrin released by neutrophils during bacterial infection ___ iron, this contributing to ___.

Answer 13

binds; anemia of chronic disease

Question 14

A major contributor to the anemia of chronic kidney disease us ___ of erythropoietin.

Answer 14

deficiency

Question 15

People who are dehydrated after extensive diarrhea have ____ polycythemia; people who have hypercapneic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have ___ polycythemia.

Answer 15

relative; absolute

Question 16

Hemolysis from a mismatched blood transfusion is an example of ___ hemolytic aneimia that occurs____.

Answer 16

alloimmune; intravascularly

Question 17

Individuals who have congenital hemolytic disorders typically have a ___ spleen.

Answer 17

large

Question 18

Appearance of the erythrocytes in iron deficient anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

Answer 18

microcytic-hypochromic.

Question 19

Appearance of the erythrocytes in aplastic anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

Answer 19

normocytic-normochromic

Question 20

Appearance of the erythrocytes in pernicious anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

Answer 20

macrocytic-normochromic

Question 21

Appearance of the erythrocytes in posthemorrhagic anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

Answer 21

normocytic-normochromic

Question 22

Appearance of the erythrocytes in thalessemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

Answer 22

microcytic-hypochromic.

Question 23

Appearance of the erythrocytes in sickle cell anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

Answer 23

normocytic-normochromic

Question 24

Appearance of the erythrocytes in folic deficiency anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

Answer 24

macrocytic-normochromic

Question 25

Appearance of the erythrocytes in anemia of chronic disease are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

Answer 25

normocytic-normochromic

Question 26

What is the general cause of anemia in hereditary spherocytosis? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 26

increased erythrocyte destruction

Question 27

What is the general cause of anemia in anemia of chronic disease? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 27

impaired erythrocyte production

Question 28

What is the general cause of anemia in iron deficient anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 28

impaired erythrocyte production

Question 29

What is the general cause of anemia in sickle cell anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 29

increased erythrocyte destruction

Question 30

What is the general cause of anemia in G6PD deficiency ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 30

increased erythrocyte destruction

Question 31

What is the general cause of anemia in pernicious anemia ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 31

impaired erythrocyte production

Question 32

What is the general cause of anemia in aplastic anemia ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 32

impaired erythrocyte production

Question 33

What is the general cause of anemia in folate deficiency anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

Answer 33

impaired erythrocyte production

Question 34

What technical term applies to the concave, brittle fingernails?

Answer 34

kiolonychia

Question 35

When describing the appearence of erythrocytes terms that end with ___ refer to hemoglobin content, and terms that end with ___ refer to cell size.

Answer 35

-chromic; -cytic

Question 36

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal ___ disorder that causes increased absorption of dietary ___.

Answer 36

recessive; iron

Question 37

Sideroblastic anemia are characterized by defective synthesis of ___ and may be acquired or hereditary in which case they usually have recessive___transmission.

Answer 37

home; x-linked

Question 38

Myelodyslpastic syndrome involved defects in all lines of hematopoietic__cells; some persons with this condition develop acute ___.

Answer 38

stem; leukemia

Question 39

Serum Ferritin levels are used to evaluate __status when diagnosing anemia.

Answer 39

Iron

Question 40

Primary acquired aplastic anemia is an ____ disease in which ___ T cells damage the hematopoietic stem cells in the ___ ___.

Answer 40

autoimmune; cytotoxic; bone marrow

Question 41

Release of ___ during chronic inflammation contributes to the anemia of chronic disease by decreasing the availability of ___and inhibiting erythroid progenitors.

Answer 41

cytokines; iron

Question 42

Congentital hemolytic anemias are cause by ___ defects in erythrocytes but acquired hemolytic anemias usually are caused by ___system.

Answer 42

intrinsic; immune

Question 43

Hemolysis is most inherited hemolytic anemias occurs in the __ by the action of ___.

Answer 43

spleen; macrophages

Question 44

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by ___ binding to erythrocytes with subsequent destruction of those erythrocytes in the ___.

Answer 44

IgG; spleen

Question 45

Drug induced hemolytic anemia from antibiotics usually begins when the antibiotic serves as a ___and binds to erythrocyte proteins

Answer 45

hapten

Question 46

Hemolysis occurs slowly will not cause anemia because bone marrow can increase erythrocyte production up to ___ times its normal rate; jaundice occurs from hemolysis only when heme destruction exceeds the liver's ability to process and excrete ___.

Answer 46

8; bilirubin

Question 47

What type of erythrocyte defect is in thalassemia?

Answer 47

Hgb synthesis defect

Question 48

What type of erythrocyte defect is in hereditary spherocytosis?

Answer 48

membrane defect

Question 49

What type of erythrocyte defect is in sickle cell anemia?

Answer 49

Hgb synthesis defect

Question 50

What type of erythrocyte defect is in G6PD deficiency anemia?

Answer 50

enzyme pathway defect

Question 51

What type of erythrocyte defect is in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

Answer 51

membrane defect