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Patho Units 7-10 > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

1
Q

increased blood level of immature erythrocytes?

A

Reticulocytosis

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2
Q

increased number or volume of circulating erythrocytes

A

polycythemia

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3
Q

decreased number or volume of circulating erythrocytes

A

anemia

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4
Q

premature death of damaged erythrocytes

A

eryptosis

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5
Q

having erythrocytes of different shapes

A

poikilocytosis

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6
Q

having erythrocytes of different sizes

A

anisocytosis

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7
Q

decreased number of circulating erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

A

pancytopenia

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8
Q

When plasma volume increases to compensate for anemia, the blood viscosity ___ which causes blood flow to be___.

A

decreases; turbulent

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9
Q

Defective DNA synthesis in bone marrow precursors usually creates erythrocytes that are ___ and normochromic.

A

macrocytic.

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10
Q

Folate deficiency anemia is associated with chronic malnourishment and chronic abuse of __.

A

alcohol

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11
Q

The term megaloblastic anemia indicates that the erythrocytes are ___.

A

macrocytic

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12
Q

the incidence of iron deficiency anemia is __ in women during their reproductive years and ___ after menopause.

A

highest; decreases

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13
Q

Lactoferrin released by neutrophils during bacterial infection ___ iron, this contributing to ___.

A

binds; anemia of chronic disease

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14
Q

A major contributor to the anemia of chronic kidney disease us ___ of erythropoietin.

A

deficiency

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15
Q

People who are dehydrated after extensive diarrhea have ____ polycythemia; people who have hypercapneic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have ___ polycythemia.

A

relative; absolute

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16
Q

Hemolysis from a mismatched blood transfusion is an example of ___ hemolytic aneimia that occurs____.

A

alloimmune; intravascularly

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17
Q

Individuals who have congenital hemolytic disorders typically have a ___ spleen.

A

large

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18
Q

Appearance of the erythrocytes in iron deficient anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

A

microcytic-hypochromic.

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19
Q

Appearance of the erythrocytes in aplastic anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

A

normocytic-normochromic

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20
Q

Appearance of the erythrocytes in pernicious anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

A

macrocytic-normochromic

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21
Q

Appearance of the erythrocytes in posthemorrhagic anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

A

normocytic-normochromic

22
Q

Appearance of the erythrocytes in thalessemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

A

microcytic-hypochromic.

23
Q

Appearance of the erythrocytes in sickle cell anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

A

normocytic-normochromic

24
Q

Appearance of the erythrocytes in folic deficiency anemia are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

A

macrocytic-normochromic

25
Q

Appearance of the erythrocytes in anemia of chronic disease are either normocytic-normochromic, macrocytic-normochromic, or microcytic-hypochromic.

A

normocytic-normochromic

26
Q

What is the general cause of anemia in hereditary spherocytosis? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

A

increased erythrocyte destruction

27
Q

What is the general cause of anemia in anemia of chronic disease? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

A

impaired erythrocyte production

28
Q

What is the general cause of anemia in iron deficient anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

A

impaired erythrocyte production

29
Q

What is the general cause of anemia in sickle cell anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

A

increased erythrocyte destruction

30
Q

What is the general cause of anemia in G6PD deficiency ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

A

increased erythrocyte destruction

31
Q

What is the general cause of anemia in pernicious anemia ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

A

impaired erythrocyte production

32
Q

What is the general cause of anemia in aplastic anemia ? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

A

impaired erythrocyte production

33
Q

What is the general cause of anemia in folate deficiency anemia? Is it impaired erythrocyte production or increased erythrocyte destruction?

A

impaired erythrocyte production

34
Q

What technical term applies to the concave, brittle fingernails?

A

kiolonychia

35
Q

When describing the appearence of erythrocytes terms that end with ___ refer to hemoglobin content, and terms that end with ___ refer to cell size.

A

-chromic; -cytic

36
Q

Hereditary hemochromatosis is an autosomal ___ disorder that causes increased absorption of dietary ___.

A

recessive; iron

37
Q

Sideroblastic anemia are characterized by defective synthesis of ___ and may be acquired or hereditary in which case they usually have recessive___transmission.

A

home; x-linked

38
Q

Myelodyslpastic syndrome involved defects in all lines of hematopoietic__cells; some persons with this condition develop acute ___.

A

stem; leukemia

39
Q

Serum Ferritin levels are used to evaluate __status when diagnosing anemia.

A

Iron

40
Q

Primary acquired aplastic anemia is an ____ disease in which ___ T cells damage the hematopoietic stem cells in the ___ ___.

A

autoimmune; cytotoxic; bone marrow

41
Q

Release of ___ during chronic inflammation contributes to the anemia of chronic disease by decreasing the availability of ___and inhibiting erythroid progenitors.

A

cytokines; iron

42
Q

Congentital hemolytic anemias are cause by ___ defects in erythrocytes but acquired hemolytic anemias usually are caused by ___system.

A

intrinsic; immune

43
Q

Hemolysis is most inherited hemolytic anemias occurs in the __ by the action of ___.

A

spleen; macrophages

44
Q

Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia is caused by ___ binding to erythrocytes with subsequent destruction of those erythrocytes in the ___.

A

IgG; spleen

45
Q

Drug induced hemolytic anemia from antibiotics usually begins when the antibiotic serves as a ___and binds to erythrocyte proteins

A

hapten

46
Q

Hemolysis occurs slowly will not cause anemia because bone marrow can increase erythrocyte production up to ___ times its normal rate; jaundice occurs from hemolysis only when heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to process and excrete ___.

A

8; bilirubin

47
Q

What type of erythrocyte defect is in thalassemia?

A

Hgb synthesis defect

48
Q

What type of erythrocyte defect is in hereditary spherocytosis?

A

membrane defect

49
Q

What type of erythrocyte defect is in sickle cell anemia?

A

Hgb synthesis defect

50
Q

What type of erythrocyte defect is in G6PD deficiency anemia?

A

enzyme pathway defect

51
Q

What type of erythrocyte defect is in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria?

A

membrane defect

Patho Units 7-10 (15 decks)

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