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Patho Units 7-10 > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

Enlarged lymph nodes

A

Lymphadenopathy

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2
Q

Lower than normal neutrophil count in the blood

A

Neutropenia

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3
Q

Lower than normal blood count of WBC, RBC, and platelets

A

Pancytopenia

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4
Q

Higher than normal WBC count

A

Leukocytosis

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5
Q

Lower than normal WBC count

A

Leukopenia

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6
Q

Higher than normal blood counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

Granulocytosis

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7
Q

Lower than normal blood counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

Granulocytopenia

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8
Q

Complete absence of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils in the blood

A

Agranulocytosis

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9
Q

Most common causes of eosinophilia

A

Parasites, toxic foregin particles, and hypersensitivity reactions

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10
Q

Monocytosis occurs during the … phase of inflammation

A

Late

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11
Q

Neutrophilia occurs during the … phase of inflammation

A

Early

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12
Q

All types of leukemia are characterized by uncontrolled … of WBC in the … that thereby … the amount and function of erythrocytrs and platelets

A

Production, bone marrow, decreases

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13
Q

May occur pathologically or normally in response to physiological stressors

A

Leukocytosis

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14
Q

Occurs only pathologically

A

Leukopenia

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15
Q

… lymphadenopathy indicates drainage from areas of inflammation

A

Localized

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16
Q

… lymphadenopathy usually indicates a malignant or nonmalignant disease

A

Generalized

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17
Q

Leukemia or lymphoma that has the term lymphoblastic in its name, the malignant cells are …

A

Immature

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18
Q

Persons who have thrombocytopenia have a higher increased risk for … although the other event also may occur

A

Clotting

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19
Q

What does HIT stand for?

A

Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

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20
Q

What does the activated platelet in HIT release?

A

Platelet factor 4 (PF4)

21
Q

What does PF4 bind to?

A

Heparin

22
Q

When a person forms HIT antibodies, they react specifically against what?

A

PF4 heparin complex

23
Q

After HIT antibodies bind to PF4 heparin complex, what mechanism causes more platelets to become activated, causing more clotting?

A

The Fc end of the antibodies binds to platelet Fc receptors, activating the platelets, which release substances that promote clotting

24
Q

What causes the thrombocytopenia in HIT?

A

Platelet number decreases because of microclots, extension of previous clots, or formation of new clots, all of which use up platelets

25
Q

Cancers of blood forming cells

A

Leukemia

26
Q

Cancer of lymphatic tissue

A

Lymphoma

27
Q

Arises from the lymphoid cell line that normally produces B and T lymphocytes and natural killer celld

A

Lymphocytic leukemia

28
Q

Arises from the myeloid cell line that normally produces granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets

A

Myelogenous leukemia

29
Q

Enlargement of the spleen

A

Splenomegaly

30
Q

Overactivity of the spleen caused by splenomegaly

A

Hypersplenism

31
Q

Composed primarily of platelet aggregates held together by strands of fibrin

A

Arterial thrombi

32
Q

Compose primarily of erythrocytrs, greater amounts of fibrin, and fewer platelets

A

Venous thrombi

33
Q

Autoantibody against plasma membrane components that causes hypercoagulability by binding to platelets and endothelial cells

A

Antiphospholipid antibody

34
Q

Abnormal antibody released by malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma

A

M protein

35
Q

Genetic mutation that causes hypercoagulability by allowing activated clotting factor Va to remain longer in the blood

A

Factor V Leiden

36
Q

Mutant tyrosine kinase that drives cell proliferation and survival in some types of leukemia

A

BCR-ABL1 Variant oncoprotein

37
Q

Genetic translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 that creates a mutant protein implicsted in CML and other types of leukemia

A

Philadelphia chromosome

38
Q

Infectious mononucleosis is an acute infection of … lymphocytes commonly caused by ….

A

B, Epstein -barr virus

39
Q

Typical clinical manifestations of Mono include:

A

Pharyngitis, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy

40
Q

In Africa … lymphoma, a rapidly growing B lymphocyte tumor is found….

A

Burkitt, jaw and facial bones of children

41
Q

Burkitt lymphoma is associated eith what virus?

A

Epstein-Barr

42
Q

AML stands for

A

Acute myelogenous leukemia

43
Q

CLL stands for

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

44
Q

Leukopemia creates increased risk for ….

A

Infection

45
Q

Hypercalcemia and bone lesions are characteristic of …

A

Multiple myeloma

46
Q

In multiple myeloma malignant cells reside in the … not the …

A

Bone marrow, circulating blood

47
Q

… disorder indicates that leukemias are considered to be the product of a mutated progenitor cell that replicates itself uncontrollably

A

Clonal

48
Q

Bone marrow depression of acute leukemia causes … due to lack of erythrocytes, fever from … due to lack of leukocytes, and … due to lack of platelets

A

Fatigue, infection, bleeding

49
Q

Splenomegaly secondary to infection in the body increases the risk for spleen … from blunt trauma

A

Rupture

Patho Units 7-10 (15 decks)

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