Chapter 29 Flashcards
Enlarged lymph nodes
Lymphadenopathy
Lower than normal neutrophil count in the blood
Neutropenia
Lower than normal blood count of WBC, RBC, and platelets
Pancytopenia
Higher than normal WBC count
Leukocytosis
Lower than normal WBC count
Leukopenia
Higher than normal blood counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Granulocytosis
Lower than normal blood counts of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils
Granulocytopenia
Complete absence of neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils in the blood
Agranulocytosis
Most common causes of eosinophilia
Parasites, toxic foregin particles, and hypersensitivity reactions
Monocytosis occurs during the … phase of inflammation
Late
Neutrophilia occurs during the … phase of inflammation
Early
All types of leukemia are characterized by uncontrolled … of WBC in the … that thereby … the amount and function of erythrocytrs and platelets
Production, bone marrow, decreases
May occur pathologically or normally in response to physiological stressors
Leukocytosis
Occurs only pathologically
Leukopenia
… lymphadenopathy indicates drainage from areas of inflammation
Localized
… lymphadenopathy usually indicates a malignant or nonmalignant disease
Generalized
Leukemia or lymphoma that has the term lymphoblastic in its name, the malignant cells are …
Immature
Persons who have thrombocytopenia have a higher increased risk for … although the other event also may occur
Clotting
What does HIT stand for?
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia
What does the activated platelet in HIT release?
Platelet factor 4 (PF4)
What does PF4 bind to?
Heparin
When a person forms HIT antibodies, they react specifically against what?
PF4 heparin complex
After HIT antibodies bind to PF4 heparin complex, what mechanism causes more platelets to become activated, causing more clotting?
The Fc end of the antibodies binds to platelet Fc receptors, activating the platelets, which release substances that promote clotting
What causes the thrombocytopenia in HIT?
Platelet number decreases because of microclots, extension of previous clots, or formation of new clots, all of which use up platelets
Cancers of blood forming cells
Leukemia
Cancer of lymphatic tissue
Lymphoma
Arises from the lymphoid cell line that normally produces B and T lymphocytes and natural killer celld
Lymphocytic leukemia
Arises from the myeloid cell line that normally produces granulocytes, monocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets
Myelogenous leukemia
Enlargement of the spleen
Splenomegaly
Overactivity of the spleen caused by splenomegaly
Hypersplenism
Composed primarily of platelet aggregates held together by strands of fibrin
Arterial thrombi
Compose primarily of erythrocytrs, greater amounts of fibrin, and fewer platelets
Venous thrombi
Autoantibody against plasma membrane components that causes hypercoagulability by binding to platelets and endothelial cells
Antiphospholipid antibody
Abnormal antibody released by malignant plasma cells in multiple myeloma
M protein
Genetic mutation that causes hypercoagulability by allowing activated clotting factor Va to remain longer in the blood
Factor V Leiden
Mutant tyrosine kinase that drives cell proliferation and survival in some types of leukemia
BCR-ABL1 Variant oncoprotein
Genetic translocation between chromosome 9 and 22 that creates a mutant protein implicsted in CML and other types of leukemia
Philadelphia chromosome
Infectious mononucleosis is an acute infection of … lymphocytes commonly caused by ….
B, Epstein -barr virus
Typical clinical manifestations of Mono include:
Pharyngitis, fever, cervical lymphadenopathy
In Africa … lymphoma, a rapidly growing B lymphocyte tumor is found….
Burkitt, jaw and facial bones of children
Burkitt lymphoma is associated eith what virus?
Epstein-Barr
AML stands for
Acute myelogenous leukemia
CLL stands for
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Leukopemia creates increased risk for ….
Infection
Hypercalcemia and bone lesions are characteristic of …
Multiple myeloma
In multiple myeloma malignant cells reside in the … not the …
Bone marrow, circulating blood
… disorder indicates that leukemias are considered to be the product of a mutated progenitor cell that replicates itself uncontrollably
Clonal
Bone marrow depression of acute leukemia causes … due to lack of erythrocytes, fever from … due to lack of leukocytes, and … due to lack of platelets
Fatigue, infection, bleeding
Splenomegaly secondary to infection in the body increases the risk for spleen … from blunt trauma
Rupture
