Chapter 38

Question 1

Dilation of a ureter by accumulated urine

Answer 1

Hydroureter

Question 2

Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces by accumulated urine

Answer 2

Hydronephrosis

Question 3

Narrowing of the lumen of a urethra

Answer 3

Urethral stricture

Question 4

Large urinary stone that has assumed the shape of the renal pelvis and calyces

Answer 4

Staghorn calculus

Question 5

In addition to relieving pain, rapid removal of an upper urinary tract obstruction is important because the accumulating urine causes back pressure that….renal cells

Answer 5

kills

Question 6

When one kidney develops irreversible damage, the other kidney….

Answer 6

undergoes hypertrophy of existing glomeruli and tubules

Question 7

The alkaline urinary Ph significantly increases the risk for ….stone formation, whereas acidic urine increases the risk for a….stone

Answer 7

calcium phosphate/uric acid

Question 8

The technical term for bladder dysfunction due to neurologic problems is …..

Answer 8

Neurogenic bladder

Question 9

Cigarette drinking, arsenic in drinking water, and exposure to aniline dyes are risk factors for …. which is characterized by …..hematuria

Answer 9

bladder/painless

Question 10

The most common route by which bacteria reach the bladder is …..; the most common route by which bacteria reach the kidney is…

Answer 10

retrograde up the urethra/retrograde up a ureter

Question 11

The only manifestation of cystitis in an older adult may be development of….

Answer 11

confusion

Question 12

Acute pyelonephritis primarily affects the …. and is associated with the sudden onset of fever, chills, and flank pain or groin pan; chronic pyelonephritis primarily involves inflammation and fibrosis of the renal….

Answer 12

renal tubules/interstitium

Question 13

In IgA nephropathy, the bone marrow makes antibodies against…. that trigger glomerular injury, often after a …infection

Answer 13

abnormal IgA-1/viral

Question 14

The tems membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ad mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis refer to the …..of the condition

Answer 14

histologic apperance

Question 15

Proteinuria and angiotensin II contribute to …. renal damage in…..

Answer 15

irreversible/chronic kidney disease

Question 16

nephrotoxic antibodies

Answer 16

(intrarenal)

Question 17

rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis

Answer 17

(intrarenal)

Question 18

massive hemorrhage

Answer 18

(prerenal)

Question 19

Renal ischemia during surgery

Answer 19

(intrarenal)

Question 20

Very large pulmonary embolism

Answer 20

(prerenal)

Question 21

Bilateral renal calculi

Answer 21

(postrenal)

Question 22

Untreated enlarged prostate

Answer 22

(postrenal)

Question 23

Urinary stones also called….most commonly are composed of ….salts but may have a different composition, depending on the person’s risk factors and the characteristics of the urine

Answer 23

calculi/calcium

Question 24

Obstructions to urine flow in the lower urinary tract include enlargement of the …..in men and prolapse of the …..in women

Answer 24

prostate/pelvic organs

Question 25

The most common cancers are renal cell.... that arise from the....tubular epithelium

Answer 25

carcinomas/pelvic organs

Question 26

The most virulent uropathogenic strains of E. coli attach to the uroepithelium with their..... and enter rthe uroepithelial cells, which protect them from....during micturition

Answer 26

pile (oradhesions/ flushing

Question 27

woman who have symptoms of cystitis for more than 6 weeks with negative urine cultures may have....cystitis

Answer 27

interstitial

Question 28

the primary cause of the damage in acute glomerulonephritis is the .....system

Answer 28

immune

Question 29

The two disease processes associated with chronic glomerulonephritis are lupus and ......

Answer 29

diabetes

Question 30

Oliguria is a urine output of less than..... ml/24 hours

Answer 30

400