Chapter 38 Flashcards
Dilation of a ureter by accumulated urine
Hydroureter
Enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces by accumulated urine
Hydronephrosis
Narrowing of the lumen of a urethra
Urethral stricture
Large urinary stone that has assumed the shape of the renal pelvis and calyces
Staghorn calculus
In addition to relieving pain, rapid removal of an upper urinary tract obstruction is important because the accumulating urine causes back pressure that….renal cells
kills
When one kidney develops irreversible damage, the other kidney….
undergoes hypertrophy of existing glomeruli and tubules
The alkaline urinary Ph significantly increases the risk for ….stone formation, whereas acidic urine increases the risk for a….stone
calcium phosphate/uric acid
The technical term for bladder dysfunction due to neurologic problems is …..
Neurogenic bladder
Cigarette drinking, arsenic in drinking water, and exposure to aniline dyes are risk factors for …. which is characterized by …..hematuria
bladder/painless
The most common route by which bacteria reach the bladder is …..; the most common route by which bacteria reach the kidney is…
retrograde up the urethra/retrograde up a ureter
The only manifestation of cystitis in an older adult may be development of….
confusion
Acute pyelonephritis primarily affects the …. and is associated with the sudden onset of fever, chills, and flank pain or groin pan; chronic pyelonephritis primarily involves inflammation and fibrosis of the renal….
renal tubules/interstitium
In IgA nephropathy, the bone marrow makes antibodies against…. that trigger glomerular injury, often after a …infection
abnormal IgA-1/viral
The tems membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis ad mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis refer to the …..of the condition
histologic apperance
Proteinuria and angiotensin II contribute to …. renal damage in…..
irreversible/chronic kidney disease
nephrotoxic antibodies
(intrarenal)
rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
(intrarenal)
massive hemorrhage
(prerenal)
Renal ischemia during surgery
(intrarenal)
Very large pulmonary embolism
(prerenal)
Bilateral renal calculi
(postrenal)
Untreated enlarged prostate
(postrenal)
Urinary stones also called….most commonly are composed of ….salts but may have a different composition, depending on the person’s risk factors and the characteristics of the urine
calculi/calcium
Obstructions to urine flow in the lower urinary tract include enlargement of the …..in men and prolapse of the …..in women
prostate/pelvic organs
The most common cancers are renal cell…. that arise from the….tubular epithelium
carcinomas/pelvic organs
The most virulent uropathogenic strains of E. coli attach to the uroepithelium with their….. and enter rthe uroepithelial cells, which protect them from….during micturition
pile (oradhesions/ flushing
woman who have symptoms of cystitis for more than 6 weeks with negative urine cultures may have….cystitis
interstitial
the primary cause of the damage in acute glomerulonephritis is the …..system
immune
The two disease processes associated with chronic glomerulonephritis are lupus and ……
diabetes
Oliguria is a urine output of less than….. ml/24 hours
400
