Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

anatomy and physiology > chapter 4 tissues > Flashcards

chapter 4 tissues Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four types of tissues ?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is epithelial tissues

A

Covers exposed surfaces
Lines internal passageways
Forms glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is connective tissues

A

Fills internal spaces
Supports other tissues
Transports materials
Stores energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of epithelial

A

Provide physical protection
Control permeability
Provide sensation
Produce specialized secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the characteristics of epithelial

A

Polarity (apical and basal surfaces)
Cellularity (cell junctions)
Attachment (basement membrane)
Avascularity (avascular)
Regeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are Specializations of epithelial cells

A

Move fluids over the epithelium (protection)
Move fluids through the epithelium (permeability)
Produce secretions (protection and messaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what does mircovilla do?

A

increase absorption or secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do cilia do on ciliated epithelium

A

move fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Integrity of epithelia is maintained by

A

Intercellular connections
Attachment to the basement membrane
Epithelial maintenance and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the protein for intercellular connections

A

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Transmembrane proteins

Proteoglycans act as intercellular cement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the functions of gap junction

A

Allow rapid communication

Cells held together by interlocking

transmembrane proteins (connexons)

Allow small molecules and ions to pass

Coordinate contractions in heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the function of tight junction

A

Between two plasma membranes

Adhesion belt attaches to terminal web

Prevent passage of water and solutes

Keep enzymes, acids, and wastes in the

lumen of the digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the two types of desmosmomes

A

Spot desmosomes
Tie cells together
Allow bending and twisting

Hemidesmosomes
Attach cells to the basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the types of basement membrane

A

Basal lamina
Closest to the epithelium

Reticular lamina
Deeper portion of basement membrane
Provides strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what types of cells are used to repair and maintenance

A

stem cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the types of squamous tissues

A

Simple squamous epithelia
Absorption and diffusion

Mesothelium
Lines body cavities

Endothelium
Forms inner lining of heart and blood vessels

Stratified squamous epithelia
Protect against mechanical stresses
Keratin adds strength and water resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the types of cuboidal

A

Simple cuboidal epithelia
Secretion and absorption
Glands and portions of kidney tubules

Stratified cuboidal epithelia
Relatively rare
Ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the function of transitional epithelia

A

Tolerate repeated cycles of stretching without damage
Appearance changes as stretching occurs
Found in urinary bladder

19
Q

the types of columnar

A

Simple columnar epithelia
Absorption and secretion
Found in stomach, small intestine, large intestine

Pseudostratified columnar epithelia
Typically have cilia
Found in nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi

Stratified columnar epithelia
Relatively rare
Provide protection in pharynx, anus, urethra

20
Q

what is the difference of endo and exocrine

A

endocrine has no duct enter hormones into the bloodstream, exocrine has ducts

21
Q

define the unicellular gland

A

Goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands

In epithelia of intestines

Secrete mucin, which mixes with water to form mucus

22
Q

what does merocrine do ?

A

Released by secretory vesicles (exocytosis)
Example: merocrine sweat glands

23
Q

wha does apocrine do

A

Released by shedding cytoplasm
Example: mammary glands

24
Q

what is the function of holocrine

A

Released by cells bursting, killing gland cells
Gland cells replaced by stem cells
Example: sebaceous glands, associated with hair follicles

25
Q

what are the components of connective tissues

A

Specialized cells
Extracellular protein fibers
Fluid called ground substance

26
Q

define fibroblasts

A

The most abundant cell type
Found in all types of connective tissue proper
Secrete proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)

27
Q

the functions of connective tissues

A

Establishing a structural framework for the body

Transporting fluids and dissolved materials

Protecting delicate organs

Supporting, surrounding, and interconnecting other types of tissue

Storing energy reserves, especially triglycerides

Defending the body from invading microorganisms

28
Q

define fibrocytes

A

Second most abundant cell type
Maintain connective tissue fibers
connect with other cells

29
Q

define mesenchymal cells

A

Stem cells that respond to injury or infection
Differentiate into fibroblasts, macrophages, etc.

30
Q

define macrophages cells

A

Large phagocytic cells of the immune system

Engulf pathogens and damaged cells

Fixed macrophages stay in tissue
Free macrophages migrate

31
Q

define mast cells

A

Stimulate inflammation after injury or infection

Release histamine and heparin

Basophils are leukocytes that also contain histamine and heparin

32
Q

defin microphages

A

Phagocytic blood cells (neutrophils, eosinophils)

Attracted to signals from macrophages and mast cells

32
Q

the function of collagen fibers

A

Most common fibers in connective tissue proper

Long, straight, and unbranched

Strong and flexible

Resist force in one direction

Abundant in tendons and ligaments

33
Q

the fucntion of reticula fibers

A

Form a network of interwoven fibers (stroma)

Strong and flexible

Resist forces in many directions

Stabilize functional cells (parenchyma) and structures

Example: sheaths around organs

34
Q

define the ground substance

A

Is clear, colorless, and viscous
Fills spaces between cells and slows pathogen movement

35
Q

define the loose connective tissues

A

Packing materials”
Fill spaces between organs, cushion cells, and support epithelia

36
Q

what is the areolar tissues

A

Least specialized

Open framework

Viscous ground substance

Elastic fibers

Holds capillary beds
Example: under skin (subcutaneous layer)

37
Q

what is dense regular

A

Tightly packed, parallel collagen fibers

Tendons attach muscles to bones

Ligaments connect one bone to another and stabilize organs

Aponeuroses are tendinous sheets that attach a broad, flat muscle to another structure

38
Q

what is the dense irregular

A

Interwoven network of collagen fibers

Provides strength to dermis

Forms sheath around cartilages (perichondrium) and bones (periosteum)

Forms capsules around some organs (e.g., liver, kidneys, and spleen)

39
Q

what is the function of the connective tissues

A

Provide strength and stability

Maintain positions of internal organs

Provide routes for blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

40
Q

in cartilage what are the polysaccharide derivatives called

A

chondroitin sulfates

41
Q

cartilages avascular function is

A

Chondrocytes produce antiangiogenesis factor that discourages formation of blood vessels

42
Q

define the hyaline cartilage

A

Most common type

Tough and somewhat flexible

Reduces friction between bones

Found in synovial joints, rib tips, sternum, and trachea

43
Q

what is the fibrocartilage

A

Very durable and tough

Limits movement

Prevents bone-to-bone contact

Found around joints, between pubic bones, and between spinal vertebrae

anatomy and physiology (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions