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anatomy and physiology > chapter 14 the brain > Flashcards

chapter 14 the brain Flashcards

1
Q

how many cranial Brain nerves are there ?

A

12 pairs connected to brain

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2
Q

what is the primarily sensory

A

carriers of somatic sensory 
information including touch, pressure, 
vibration, temperature, and pain

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3
Q

what is the special sensory

A

carriers of sensations 
such as smell, sight, hearing, and balance

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4
Q

defn motor in cranial nerves

A

axons of somatic motor neurons

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5
Q

what are mixed nerves

A

sensory and motor fibers

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6
Q

the olfactory nerves whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

A

Primary function
Special sensory (smell)

Origin
Receptors of olfactory epithelium

Pass through
Olfactory foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid

Destination
Olfactory bulbs

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7
Q

the optic nerves whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

A

Primary function
Special sensory (vision)

Origin
Retina of eye

Pass through
Optic canals of sphenoid

Destination
Diencephalon via optic chiasm

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8
Q

the oculomotor nerve whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

A

Primary function
Motor (eye movements)

Origin
Midbrain

Pass through
Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid

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9
Q

the trochlear nerve whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

A

Primary function
Motor (eye movements)

Origin
Midbrain

Pass through
Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid

Destination
Superior oblique

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10
Q

abducens nerves whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

A

Primary function
Motor (eye movements)

Origin
Pons

Pass through
Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid

Destination
Lateral rectus

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11
Q

facial nerve whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

A

Primary function
Mixed (sensory and motor) of face

Origin
-Sensory
Taste receptors on anterior two-thirds of tongue

Motor
Motor nuclei of pons

Pass through
Internal acoustic meatus to stylomastoid foramina

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12
Q

what are the destination of the facial nerves

A

Destination
Sensory
Sensory nuclei of pons

Somatic motor
Muscles of facial expression

Visceral motor
Lacrimal gland and nasal mucous glands
Submandibular and sublingual glands

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13
Q

what is the function of the Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII)

A

Primary function
Special sensory

Vestibular nerve
Balance and equilibrium

Cochlear nerve
Hearing

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14
Q

Vestibulocochlear nerves (VIII) where does it passes through, and final destination, origin

A

Origin
Receptors of internal ear

Pass through
Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bones

Destination
Vestibular and cochlear nuclei of pons and medulla oblongata

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15
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) what is the function, origin, and Motor

A

Primary function
Mixed (sensory and motor) of head and neck

Origin
-Sensory
Posterior one-thirds of tongue
Part of pharynx and palate
Carotid arteries

Motor
Motor nuclei of medulla oblongata

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16
Q

Glossopharyngeal nerves (IX) where does it pass through and destination

A

Pass through
Jugular foramina between occipital, temporal bones

Destination
Sensory
Sensory nuclei of medulla oblongata

Somatic motor
Pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing

Visceral motor
Parotid gland

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17
Q

what do the Superior ganglion and inferior ganglion contain

A

Contain sensory neurons of tongue, pharynx, etc.

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18
Q

what is the origin and motor of the vagus nerve

A

Origin
Sensory
-Part of pharynx
-Auricle and external acoustic meatus
-Diaphragm
-Visceral organs in thoracic and -abdominopelvic cavities

Motor
Motor nuclei in medulla oblongata

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19
Q

where does it pass through, destination, viscera motor of the vagus nerve

A

Pass through
Jugular foramina between occipital bone and temporal bones

Destination
Sensory
-Sensory nuclei and autonomic centers of medulla oblongata

Visceral motor
-Muscles of palate and pharynx
-Muscles of digestive, respiratory, and -cardiovascular systems in thoracic and abdominal cavities

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20
Q

accessory nerve what is the function, origin, where does is pass through, and destination

A

Primary function
Motor to muscles of neck and upper back

Origin
Motor nuclei of spinal cord and medulla oblongata

Pass through
Jugular foramina between occipital bone and temporal bones

Destination
-Internal branch
-Voluntary muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx
-External branch
-Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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21
Q

hypoglossal nerve whats its function, whats is organ, where does it passes through, and final destination

A

Primary function
Motor (tongue movements)

Origin
Motor nuclei of medulla oblongata

Pass through
Hypoglossal canals of occipital bone

Destination
Muscles of tongue

22
Q

cranial reflex what are the types of synapses, and the types of fibers

A

Monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex arcs
Involve sensory and motor fibers of cranial nerves

23
Q

which waves is for healthy adults and which is for stressed out adults

A

alpha waves are for healthy adults and beta waves are for mentally stressed out adults

24
Q

what does the Broca area do ?

A

Speech production

Primarily associated with left cerebral hemisphere

Regulates patterns of breathing and vocalization

25
Q

the prefrontal cortex where does is coordinates from and what does it perform

A

Coordinates information relayed from all cortical association areas
Performs abstract intellectual functions

26
Q

defn what is the wernike’s area

A

Language comprehension

Primarily associated with left cerebral hemisphere

Receives information from sensory association areas

Coordinates access to visual and auditory memories

27
Q

def the cortical center

A

In lobes and cortical areas of both cerebral hemispheres

Receive information from association areas

Direct complex motor activities
Perform analytical functions

28
Q

Somatosensory association cortex function

A

Monitors activity in primary somatosensory cortex
Example: it recognizes touch

29
Q

Visual association area

A

Interprets activity in visual cortex

30
Q

Auditory association area

A

Monitors auditory cortex

31
Q

in the cerebrum the premotor cortex whats is function

A

Coordinates learned movements

32
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A

Surface of postcentral gyrus

33
Q

primary motor cortex

A

Surface of precentral gyrus

34
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Symptoms are caused by increased activity of basal nuclei

35
Q

name the characteristics of the basal nuclei

A

Masses of gray matter
Embedded in white matter of cerebrum
Direct subconscious activities

36
Q

the function of the basal nuclei

A

Subconscious control of skeletal muscle tone

coordination of learned movement patterns (walking, lifting)

37
Q

Association fibers

A

Form connections within one hemisphere

38
Q

defn the cerebrum

A

Largest part of adult brain

Controls higher mental functions
Conscious thoughts, intellect, memory, etc.

Divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres

39
Q

what are the main regions of the Brian

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brainstem

40
Q

the cerebral cortex of cerebrum has what matter and what causes rounded elevations

A

Surface layer of gray matter
Rounded elevations (gyri) increase surface area

41
Q

the cerebellum name the characteristics

A

Second-largest part of brain

Coordinates repetitive body movements

two hemispheres
Covered by gray matter (cerebellar cortex)

42
Q

the Deincephalon where is it located and what does it contain?

A

Located under cerebrum and cerebellum

Thalamus
Relays and processes sensory information

Hypothalamus is involved with
Emotions
Autonomic function
Hormone production

43
Q

the pituitary gland and where is located

A

Major endocrine gland
Connected to hypothalamus via infundibulum (stalk)

Integrates nervous and endocrine systems

is located in diencephalon

44
Q

what is the function of the Brian stem and what does It includes

A

Relays information between spinal cord and cerebrum or cerebellum

Includes
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla oblongata

45
Q

the function of the midbrain

A

Processes sight, sound, and associated reflexes
Maintains consciousness

46
Q

the pons what does it connect and what does it contain

A

Connects cerebellum to brainstem

Contains
Tracts (collections of CNS axons)
Relay centers
Nuclei for somatic and visceral motor control

47
Q

the function of the medulla oblongata

A

Regulates autonomic functions
Heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion

Connects brain to spinal cord

Inferior portion has a narrow central canal
Relays sensory information

48
Q

what are the 3 main Brian vesicles

A

Prosencephalon (“forebrain”)
Mesencephalon (“midbrain”)
Rhombencephalon (“hindbrain”)

49
Q

defn the dura matter

A

Inner fibrous layer (meningeal cranial dura)
Outer fibrous layer (periosteal cranial dura)
Fused to periosteum

50
Q

what does the falx cerebella divides

A

Divides cerebellar hemispheres below the tentorium cerebelli

51
Q

the arachnid matter where’s does it attach and what is it separated by

A

it attaches to dura mater
May be separated by subdural space

52
Q

the pia matter what cells are they

A

Attached to brain surface by astrocytes

anatomy and physiology (16 decks)

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