Chapter 4 - Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics Flashcards
The study of energy in the human body.
Bioenergetics
All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired transported, used, and disposed of by the body.
Metabolism
The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.
Exercise Metabolism
The material or substance on which an enzyme acts
Substrates
Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.
Carbohydrates
A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel
Glucose
The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells
Glycogen
One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. They help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body.
Fats
Two types of fats found in foods.
Saturated and unsaturated.
The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.
Triglycerides
Amino acids lined by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.
Protein
The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.
Glucogenesis
Before food can become a usable form of energy it has to be converted into smaller units called ____________.
Substrates
Energy stored in substrate molecules are chemically released in cells and stored in a form of a high-energy compound called ______ .
ATP
Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A high-energy compound occuring in all cells from which ATP is formed
Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
The process of creating a new ATP molecule from a phosphcreatine molecule.
ATP-PC system
The simplest and fastest of the energy systems and occurs without the presence of oxygen (Anaerobic)
ATP-PC system
Energy system that provides energy for primarily high-intensity, short-duration bouts of exercise or activity.
ATP-PC system
ATP PC stores could supply energy to all of the working muscles in short duration, high intensity activity for only __ to __ seconds before complete oxygen.
10 to 15 seconds.
Anearobic means of producing ATP the the chemical breakdown of glucose
Anaerobic glycolysis
Energy system that can produce significantly greater energy than ATP-PC, but is limited to approx. 30-50 seconds of duration. Typical in an 8-12 rep range used in fitness workouts.
Glycolysis
Aerobic process (using oxygen) of generating ATP .
Oxidative system
Breakdown of glucose to energy using sufficient Oxygen producing ATP and CO2 + H2O
Aerobic Glycolysis
