Chapter 4 - Exercise Metabolism and Bioenergetics

Question 1

The study of energy in the human body.

Answer 1

Bioenergetics

Question 2

All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain itself. Metabolism is the process in which nutrients are acquired transported, used, and disposed of by the body.

Answer 2

Metabolism

Question 3

The examination of bioenergetics as it relates to the unique physiologic changes and demands placed on the body during exercise.

Answer 3

Exercise Metabolism

Question 4

The material or substance on which an enzyme acts

Answer 4

Substrates

Question 5

Organic compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, which include starches, cellulose, and sugars, and are an important source of energy. All are eventually broken down in the body to glucose, a simple sugar.

Answer 5

Carbohydrates

Question 6

A simple sugar manufactured by the body from carbohydrates, fat and to a lesser extent protein, which serves as the body’s main source of fuel

Answer 6

Glucose

Question 7

The complex carbohydrate molecule used to store carbohydrates in the liver and muscle cells. When carbohydrate energy is needed, glycogen is converted into glucose for use by the muscle cells

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

One of the three main classes of foods and a source of energy in the body. They help the body use some vitamins and keep the skin healthy. They also serve as energy stores for the body.

Answer 8

Fats

Question 9

Two types of fats found in foods.

Answer 9

Saturated and unsaturated.

Question 10

The chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists in food as well as in the body.

Answer 10

Triglycerides

Question 11

Amino acids lined by peptide bonds, which consist of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and usually sulfur, and that have several essential biologic compounds.

Answer 11

Protein

Question 12

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids.

Answer 12

Glucogenesis

Question 13

Before food can become a usable form of energy it has to be converted into smaller units called ____________.

Answer 13

Substrates

Question 14

Energy stored in substrate molecules are chemically released in cells and stored in a form of a high-energy compound called ______ .

Answer 14

ATP

Question 15

Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body.

Answer 15

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

Question 16

A high-energy compound occuring in all cells from which ATP is formed

Answer 16

Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)

Question 17

The process of creating a new ATP molecule from a phosphcreatine molecule.

Answer 17

ATP-PC system

Question 18

The simplest and fastest of the energy systems and occurs without the presence of oxygen (Anaerobic)

Answer 18

ATP-PC system

Question 19

Energy system that provides energy for primarily high-intensity, short-duration bouts of exercise or activity.

Answer 19

ATP-PC system

Question 20

ATP PC stores could supply energy to all of the working muscles in short duration, high intensity activity for only __ to __ seconds before complete oxygen.

Answer 20

10 to 15 seconds.

Question 21

Anearobic means of producing ATP the the chemical breakdown of glucose

Answer 21

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 22

Energy system that can produce significantly greater energy than ATP-PC, but is limited to approx. 30-50 seconds of duration. Typical in an 8-12 rep range used in fitness workouts.

Answer 22

Glycolysis

Question 23

Aerobic process (using oxygen) of generating ATP .

Answer 23

Oxidative system

Question 24

Breakdown of glucose to energy using sufficient Oxygen producing ATP and CO2 + H2O

Answer 24

Aerobic Glycolysis

Question 25

Breakdown of glucose to be used as energy with insufficient Oxygen producing Lactic Acid

Answer 25

Anaerobic Glycolysis

Question 26

The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids to convert them into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of additional ATP

Answer 26

Beta-oxidation

Question 27

The state in which the body’s metabolism is elevated after exercise

Answer 27

Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC)