Chapter 4

Question 1

Beta Oxidation

Answer 1

breakdown of triglycerides into FFAs, which are then converted into acy-CoA molecules to enter krebs cycle to eventually yield ATP

Question 2

ATP-PC

Answer 2

adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine
produces near instant ATP at onset of activity
produces ATP without oxygen (anaerobic) by using PC
FUEL: PCmolecules instead of glucose
1 ATP per PC molecule (produces less ATP but faster rate)
Depleted after 10-15 seconds of high intensity work
Takes 2-3 min to recover (i.e. lifting rest period)

Question 3

Glycolysis

Answer 3

Aerobic and anaerobic
FUEL: Carbs breakdown (glucose to 2 ATP; glycogen to 3 ATP)
By products are pyruvic acid (no O2) to lactic acid, depending on presence of O2
As ATP-PC system tapers off, anaerobic glycolysis takes over for next 30-50 seconds, producing lactic acid (pain, fatigue, inhibits enzymes)

Question 4

Oxidative system

Answer 4

fuels majority of regular daily activity; slowest system but most efficient source of ATP
Fuel Sources: Glucose (glycolysis), Fat (beta oxidation), Protein
Once anaerobic systems wear down, oxidative system starts; pyruvic acid created during glycolysis, which is converted into acetyl CoA (because u have O2; otherwise lactic acid), enters Krebs (in mitochondria), giving 2 more ATP
Byproducts Co2 and H+
H+ from Krebs react with other enzymes in Electron Transport (in mitochondria) to create most ATP

One cycle aerobic metabolism = total yield of 35-40 ATP from 1 molecule glucose

Fats come into play here thru B oxidation, producing 3-4x ATP as glucose, but require more O2 so body prioritizes glucose

takes time i.e. marathon

Question 5

Cardiorespiratory exercise goal

Answer 5

training oxidative system to respond faster to increases in intensity

More efficient oxygen delivery to cells, more pyruvic acid and FFA converted to acetyl CoA, longer the intensity can be maintained

Question 6

p-p-p-carbons-A

describe breakdown

Answer 6

breaking off of 1st P releases energy
happens every 2 seconds

Three energy systems put that P back on ATP

Question 7

Phosphocreatine

Answer 7

splits into creatine and P, releasing energy every 2 seconds

Creatine useful for energy/recovery

8-10 Seconds only