Chapter 4 Flashcards
Types of Tissues
- Epithelial
- Connective
- Muscle
- Nervous
Histology
The study of tissues
Studied with tissue slides
Epithelial Tissue
Functions
Covers or lines a body cavity
Protection Absorption Filtration Excretion Secretion Sensory Reception
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
Number of cells - Simple (one) - Stratified (multiple Shape - Squamous - Cuboidal - Columnar
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Flattened laterally
Disc shaped nuclei
Found in the lungs, capillaries, and kidneys
Helps in diffusion and filtration
Simple Cuboidal Empithelium
Cube like cells
Spherical nuclei
Found in the kidney tubules
Help in absorption and secretion
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Tall Closely packed together Oval nuclei (typically in a line Found in the intestine Goblet cells are found here Help in absorption and secretion Some have cilia
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Vary in height Nuclei lie at different levels Found in the trachea Help with secretion and propulsion of mucus Some have ciliated cells
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Thick
Protective role
Found in the esophagus
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium
Rare
Typically has two layers of cuboidal cells
Found in sweat glands
Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Limited distribution
Transition areas between two other types of epithelia
Found in the male urethra
Transitional Epithelium
Basal cells are cuboidal or columnar
Surface cells are dome shaped
Stretches to permit filling of the urinary bladder (where it’s found)
Connective Tissue
Functions
Most abundant and widely distributed
Binding and support
Protecting
Insulating
Transporting
Types of Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood
Extracellular Matrix
Due to the matrix, connective tissue can
- Bear weight
- Withstand great tension
- Endure abuses
Structural Elements of Connective Tissue
Ground substance
Fibers
Cells
Ground substance
unstructured material that fills the space between the cells Fluid Made up of - Fibers - Collagen - Cells
Connective Tissue Fibers
Collagen Fibers - Strongest, most abundant - Tough - Made of protein Elastic Fibers - Long and thin - Stretchy - Form a branching network Reticular fibers - Short - Branch extensively
Connective Tissue Cells
Blast (immature) - actively mitotic
Cyte (mature) - can revert to active state to repair the matrix
Fibro (connective tissue proper)
Chondro (cartilage)
Osteo (bone
Hematopoietic stem cells - undifferentiated blast cells that produce blood cells
Connective Tissue Proper
Loose
Dense
Loose Connective Tissue
Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
(Part of connective tissue proper)
Areolar Connective Tissue
Wraps blood vessels
Contains all three connective tissue fibers
Wraps and cushions organs
(part of loose connective tissue)
Adipose Connective Tissue
Found in the breast Fat cells Accounts for 90% of the tissue's mass Stores nutrients Cells are packed close (part of loose connective tissue)
Reticular Connective Tissue
Bone marrow
Only has reticular fibers
Creates internal framework that can support many free blood cells
(Part of loose connective tissue)
Dense Connective Tissue
Regular
Irregular
Elastic
(Part of Connective Tissue Proper)
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Attaches muscles to bone or to other muscles, and bone to bone
Found in tendons
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Withstands tension
Provides strength
Found in testes
Elastic Connective Tissue
Walls of arteries
Elastic/stretchy
(Part of dense connective tissue)
Cartilage
Support and protects
No nerve fibers
Avascular
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
(Part of Connective Tissue)
Hyaline Cartilage
Supports Reinforces Cushions Resists Compression Found in bones
Elastic Cartilage
Maintains shape and structure
Found in the external ear
Fibrocartilage
Found in the knee and between vertebra
Compressible and resists tension
Muscle Tissues
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle
Skeletal Muscle
Voluntary
Found in skeletal muscles
Cardiac Muscle
Propels blood
Involuntary
Found in the heart
Smooth Muscle
Involuntary
Propels substances along internal passage ways
Found in the digestive tract
Nervous Tissue
Neurons
- Used for communication
- Transmit electrical impulses over substantial distances
- Found in the brain and spinal cord
Tissue Trauma Steps
- Causes inflammation
- Organization (restores blood supply)
- Regeneration and fibrosis (affects permanent repair)
