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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Tissues

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
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2
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissues

Studied with tissue slides

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3
Q

Epithelial Tissue

Functions

A

Covers or lines a body cavity

Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Excretion
Secretion
Sensory Reception
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4
Q

Classification of Epithelial Tissue

A 
Number of cells
- Simple (one)
- Stratified (multiple
Shape
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
-  Columnar
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5
Q

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A

Flattened laterally
Disc shaped nuclei
Found in the lungs, capillaries, and kidneys
Helps in diffusion and filtration

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6
Q

Simple Cuboidal Empithelium

A

Cube like cells
Spherical nuclei
Found in the kidney tubules
Help in absorption and secretion

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7
Q

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A 
Tall
Closely packed together
Oval nuclei (typically in a line
Found in the intestine
Goblet cells are found here
Help in absorption and secretion
Some have cilia
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8
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A 
Vary in height
Nuclei lie at different levels
Found in the trachea
Help with secretion and propulsion of mucus
Some have ciliated cells
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9
Q

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

A

Thick
Protective role
Found in the esophagus

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10
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

A

Rare
Typically has two layers of cuboidal cells
Found in sweat glands

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11
Q

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

A

Limited distribution
Transition areas between two other types of epithelia
Found in the male urethra

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12
Q

Transitional Epithelium

A

Basal cells are cuboidal or columnar
Surface cells are dome shaped
Stretches to permit filling of the urinary bladder (where it’s found)

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13
Q

Connective Tissue

Functions

A

Most abundant and widely distributed

Binding and support
Protecting
Insulating
Transporting

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14
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

Connective Tissue Proper
Cartilage
Bone
Blood

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15
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

Due to the matrix, connective tissue can

  • Bear weight
  • Withstand great tension
  • Endure abuses
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16
Q

Structural Elements of Connective Tissue

A

Ground substance
Fibers
Cells

17
Q

Ground substance

A 
unstructured material that fills the space between the cells
Fluid
Made up of
- Fibers
- Collagen  
- Cells
18
Q

Connective Tissue Fibers

A 
Collagen Fibers
- Strongest, most abundant
- Tough
- Made of protein
Elastic Fibers
- Long and thin
- Stretchy
- Form a branching network
Reticular fibers
 - Short
 - Branch extensively
19
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

A

Blast (immature) - actively mitotic
Cyte (mature) - can revert to active state to repair the matrix
Fibro (connective tissue proper)
Chondro (cartilage)
Osteo (bone
Hematopoietic stem cells - undifferentiated blast cells that produce blood cells

20
Q

Connective Tissue Proper

A

Loose

Dense

21
Q

Loose Connective Tissue

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
(Part of connective tissue proper)

22
Q

Areolar Connective Tissue

A

Wraps blood vessels
Contains all three connective tissue fibers
Wraps and cushions organs
(part of loose connective tissue)

23
Q

Adipose Connective Tissue

A 
Found in the breast
Fat cells
Accounts for 90% of the tissue's mass
Stores nutrients
Cells are packed close
(part of loose connective tissue)
24
Q

Reticular Connective Tissue

A

Bone marrow
Only has reticular fibers
Creates internal framework that can support many free blood cells
(Part of loose connective tissue)

25
Q

Dense Connective Tissue

A

Regular
Irregular
Elastic
(Part of Connective Tissue Proper)

26
Q

Dense Regular Connective Tissue

A

Attaches muscles to bone or to other muscles, and bone to bone
Found in tendons

27
Q

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

A

Withstands tension
Provides strength
Found in testes

28
Q

Elastic Connective Tissue

A

Walls of arteries
Elastic/stretchy
(Part of dense connective tissue)

29
Q

Cartilage

A

Support and protects
No nerve fibers
Avascular

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
(Part of Connective Tissue)

30
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A 
Supports
Reinforces
Cushions
Resists Compression
Found in bones
31
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Maintains shape and structure

Found in the external ear

32
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Found in the knee and between vertebra

Compressible and resists tension

33
Q

Muscle Tissues

A

Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

34
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Voluntary

Found in skeletal muscles

35
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Propels blood
Involuntary
Found in the heart

36
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Involuntary
Propels substances along internal passage ways
Found in the digestive tract

37
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Neurons

  • Used for communication
  • Transmit electrical impulses over substantial distances
  • Found in the brain and spinal cord
38
Q

Tissue Trauma Steps

A
  1. Causes inflammation
  2. Organization (restores blood supply)
  3. Regeneration and fibrosis (affects permanent repair)

Anatomy and Physiology (13 decks)

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