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Anatomy and Physiology > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Nerve I

A

Olfactory

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2
Q

Cranial Nerve II

A

Optic

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3
Q

Cranial Nerve III

A

Oculomotor

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4
Q

Cranial Nerve IV

A

Trochlear

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5
Q

Cranial Nerve V

A

Trigeminal

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6
Q

Cranial Nerve VI

A

Abducens

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7
Q

Cranial Nerve VII

A

Facial

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8
Q

Cranial Nerve VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear

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9
Q

Cranial Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

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10
Q

Cranial Nerve X

A

Vagus

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11
Q

Cranial Nerve XI

A

Accessory

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12
Q

Cranial Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal

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13
Q

The olfactory nerve plays a part in

A

Smell

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14
Q

The optic nerve plays a part in

A

Vision

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15
Q

The oculomotor nerves are

A

Muscles of the eye

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16
Q

The Trochlear nerves are

A

Muscles of the eye

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17
Q

The trigeminal nerve plays a part in

A

Motor - Chewing

Sensory - Innervation of the face

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18
Q

The Abducens nerve plays a part in

A

The abduction of the eyes laterally

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19
Q

The Facial nerve innervates

A

The muscles of facial expression and taste

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20
Q

The vestibulocochlear nerve is the

A

Sensory nerve for hearing balance

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21
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve plays a part in

A

Sensory - taste; innervates the tongue

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22
Q

The vagus nerve plays a part in

A

Taste; Innervates the thorax and pharynx

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23
Q

The accessory nerve is

A

Part of the vagus

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24
Q

The hypoglossal moves

A

The tongue muscles

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25
Q

Chemoreceptors respond to

A

Chemicals in solutions

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26
Q

Tastebuds are a type of

A

Chemoreceptors

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27
Q

Chemoreceptors are located in the

A

Olfactory Epithelium

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28
Q

Photoreceptors respond to

A

light

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29
Q

Examples of photoreceptors are

A

Rods and cones

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30
Q

Rods and cones are located

A

in the retina

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31
Q

Thermoreceptors respond to

A

Temperature changes

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32
Q

Mechanoreceptors respond to

A

Mechanical force (touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch)

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33
Q

Corpuscles are

A

Mechanoreceptors

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34
Q

Proprioceptors respond to

A

Internal stimuli

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35
Q

Cutaneous receptors respond to

A

Heat, cold, pain, touch

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36
Q

Nociceptors respond to

A

Potentially damaging stimuli that could result in pain; extreme pain

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37
Q

T/F There are more receptors in the back than in the fingertips since the back is a bigger area

A

F) Since the back is large the receptors are more spread out, while the fingertips have lots of receptors in one small space.

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38
Q

Two-point touch discrimination is

A

How close two points on the skin can be and still be perceived as two separate points

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39
Q

The special senses are

A 
Smell
Taste
Sight
Hearing
Equilibrium
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40
Q

Which of the special senses are chemical senses?

A

Smell and taste

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41
Q

How many taste buds do we have?

A

Around 10,000

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42
Q

Most taste buds are located

A

On the tongue

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43
Q

Taste buds are found in the

A

Papillae

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44
Q

Papillae are

A

Peglike projections of the tongue that make the surface slightly abrasive

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45
Q

Fungiform papillae are a type of

A

Taste bud

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46
Q

Fungiform papillae are found

A

Scattered over the entire tongue surface

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47
Q

Vallate papillae are (1) and (2) numerous

A

(1) Largest

(2) Least

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48
Q

Vallate papillae form a

A

V at the back of the tongue

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49
Q

Filiform papillae are (1) and (2) numerous

A

(1) Smallest

(2) Most

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50
Q

Filiform papillae contain

A

Keratin, which stiffens them and gives the tongue its whitish appearance

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51
Q

Filiform papillae don’t contain

A

Taste buds

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52
Q

Which papillae are just for texture?

A

Filiform

53
Q

Some taste buds are scattered on the (1), (2), (3), and (4)

A

(1) Soft palate
(2) Inner surface of the cheeks
(3) Pharynx
(4) Epiglottis of the larynx

54
Q

Gustatory epithelial cells are

A

The receptor cells for taste

55
Q

Gustatory hairs are

A

Long microvilli that are the sensitive portions of the gustatory epithelial cells

56
Q

Basic taste sensations are

A 
Sweet
Salty
Sour
Bitter
Umami
57
Q

Sweet taste sensation involves

A

Sugars, Saccharin, Alcohols, some amino acids

58
Q

Salty taste sensation involves

A

Metal ions

59
Q

Sour taste sensation involves

A

Acids, specifically their hydrogen ions

60
Q

Bitter taste sensation involves

A

alkaloids

61
Q

Umami taste sensation involves

A

Amino acids glutamate and aspartate

62
Q

Taste is what percent smell?

A

80%

63
Q

The mouth contains what that influence taste?

A

Thermoreceptors, Mechamnoreceptors, and Nociceptors

64
Q

How to temperature and texture affect taste?

A

They can enhance or detract from taste

65
Q

The ear is made up of the

A

Inner, outer, and middle ear

66
Q

The inner ear functions in

A

Equilibrium and hearing

67
Q

The outer and middle ear are involved in

A

Hearing only

68
Q

Auricle is also known as

A

Pinna

69
Q

The auricle is the

A

Shell shaped projection surrounding the opening of the ear

70
Q

What is the purpose of the auricle?

A

To funnel sound waves

71
Q

The external auditory canal is

A

A short curved tube that extends from the auricle to the ear drum

72
Q

The external auditory canal is filled with

A

Ceruminous glands that secrete cerumen (ear wax)

73
Q

What does ear wax do?

A

Provides a protective sticky trap for foreign bodies and repels insects

74
Q

Tympanic membrane is also known as the

A

Ear drum

75
Q

The tympanic membrane is the boundary between

A

the middle and outer ears

76
Q

The tympanic membrane does what?

A

Transfers sound to the middle ear

77
Q

The middle ear is also known as

A

The tympanic cavity

78
Q

The auditory ossicles are

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

79
Q

The malleus is known as

A

The hammer

80
Q

The incus is known as

A

The anvil

81
Q

The stapes is known as

A

The stirrups

82
Q

The bony labyrinth consists of

A

Vestibule
Cochlea
Semicircular canals

83
Q

The vestibule is the

A

Central egg-shaped cavity

84
Q

The cochlea extends from

A

The anterior part part of the vestibule

85
Q

The cochlea is a

A

Spiny bony chamber

86
Q

Scala vestibuli is

A

Continuous with the vestibule

87
Q

Scala media is the

A

Cochlear duct

88
Q

Scala Tympani ends at the

A

Membrane-covered round window

89
Q

Semicircular canals lie

A

Posterior and lateral to the vestibule

90
Q

(1)% of all of the sensory receptors in the body are in the (2)

A

(1) 70%

(2) eyes

91
Q

Accessory structures of the eye

A

Eyebrows
Eyelids
Eyelashes
Lacrimal apparatus

92
Q

The lacrimal apparatus releases

A

A dilute saline solution

93
Q

The eye muscles are divided into

A

Rectus muscles and Oblique muscles

94
Q

The rectus muscles are

A

Superior
Inferior
Lateral
Medial

95
Q

The oblique muslces are

A

Superior

Inferior

96
Q

What is diplopia?

A

Double vision

97
Q

Diplopia can result from

A

Paralysis or weakness of certain extrinsic muscles

98
Q

Diplopia can be treated with

A

Exercise
An eyepatch
Surgery

99
Q

The structure of the eyeball is

A

Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Inner layer

100
Q

The fibrous layer consists of

A

Sclera

Cornea

101
Q

What is the purpose of the sclera?

A

Protects and shapes the eye

Anchors the extrinsic muscles

102
Q

The cornea lets

A

Light enter the eye

103
Q

The Vascular layer consists of

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Iris

104
Q

The choroid absorbs

A

Light and prevents it from scattering and reflecting within the eye

105
Q

The ciliary body anchors

A

the suspensory ligaments that holds the lens in place

106
Q

The iris is the

A

Colored part of the eye and lies between the cornea and the lens

107
Q

The inner layer consists of

A

Retina

Lens

108
Q

The retina is a

A

Two layered membrane that absorbs light and prevents it from scattering in the eye

109
Q

The retina is composed of

A

Ganglion cells
Optic disc
Rods
Cones

110
Q

Ganglion cells leave the eye

A

As the thick optic nerve

111
Q

Optic disc is where

A

The optic nerve exits the eye

112
Q

Rods are

A

Dim-light and peripheral vision receptors

113
Q

Cones are

A

Vision receptors for bright light

114
Q

What is called the blind spot and why?

A

The retina, because it lack photoreceptors

115
Q

The lens is

A

Biconvex, transparent, and a flexible structure

116
Q

The lens can change

A

shape to precisely focus light on the retina

117
Q

Is the lens vascular or avascular? Why?

A

Avascular, because blood vessels interfere with transparency

118
Q

Where is the lens the thickest?

A

In the center

119
Q

Myopia is

A

Near sighted

120
Q

Hyperopia is

A

Far sighted

121
Q

Presbyopia is

A

Bifocals/reading glasses

122
Q

Astigmatism is

A

Uneven curving of the lens/cornea

123
Q

Color blindness is due to

A

A lack of one or more cone pigments

124
Q

What color are the cones?

A

Blue, Green, Red

125
Q

What percent of men have some form of color blindness?

A

8-10%

126
Q

What is the most common type of color blindness? Why?

A

Red-Green, because there is an X chromosome link passed from mom to son

127
Q

People with what colorblindness don’t realize it why?

A

Blue, because the eye fills in the colors

128
Q

Night blindness is due to

A

A prolonged deficiency of vitamin A

Anatomy and Physiology (13 decks)

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