Chapter 4

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

The process by which people use to make sense of the environment

Question 2

Perceptual errors – selective screening

Answer 2

The process by which people filter out most information so that they can deal with the most important matters. Example – employees who need positive feedback to feel good about themselves might pick up on positive statements made by superior but tune out most negative comments.

Question 3

Perceptual errors – personal perception

Answer 3

The process by which the individual attributes characteristics or traits to other people. Example – stereotyping, the belief that all members of a specific group share similar traits and behaviors.

Question 4

Perceptual distortion – halo effect

Answer 4

Occurs when one positive or negative characteristics dominates the way that person is viewed by others. Example – good attendance equals good employee, bad bad attendance equals bad employee.

Question 5

Perceptual distortions – projection

Answer 5

The tendency to see one’s own personal traits and other people. Example – a manager who is motivated by power and achievement may assume, incorrectly, all of the subordinates are as well.

Question 6

Perceptual distortions – perceptual defense

Answer 6

The tendency of perseveres to protect themselves by disregarding ideas, object, or people that are threatening to them.

Question 7

Perceptual errors – attributions

Answer 7

Judgments about what causes a person to behavior either characteristics of a person or the situation. Example – Susan missed the deadline because she’s careless and lazy. Or, Susan missed the deadline because she couldn’t get the information she needed.