Chapter 4 Flashcards
what organelles contain circular DNA?
chloroplasts and mitochondria
Function of lysosomes
cellular recycling
mannose-6-phosphate tag
tells rough ER to send the protein to the lysosomes
size of prokaryotic ribosome
50s, 30s
makes 70s full ribosome
what organelles are part of the endomembrane system
nucleus, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuole
what are the 3 parts of the cytoskeleton?
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
size of the average animal cell
10-100 micrometers
which of a plant’s cell walls is more rigid
secondary
size of average bacteria cell
1-5 micrometers
function of vacuoles in animals
temporary storage
functions of the smooth ER
synthesize lipids (add to bilayer) detoxification
gap junctions
channel proteins found in membrane of both cells that create an opening
average size of eukaryotic ribosomes
60s, 40s
makes 80s full ribosome
what is the nucleolus
cluster of DNA, RNA, and proteins inside the nucleus. where ribosomes are formed
functions of Golgi
modification of proteins, sorting, and packaging of proteins
what are the steps for secretion of a protein in a eukaryotic cell?
ER (makes protein)-> ER vesicle-> Golgi-> Golgi vesicle-> plasma membrane
/ \
Embedded or secreted
function of vacuole in plants
reservoir for water
builds turgor pressure
function of peroxisomes
detoxification and some breaking down of things like fatty acids
what does the spindle apparatus do?
moves DNA during mitosis and meiosis
plasmodesmata
openings between plant cell walls
allows cytoplasm to go through
adhesive junctions
loose connections that allow for movement between cells
tight junctions
held tightly; don’t allow for movement
what is the endomembrane system?
system of interconnected cytoplasmic membranes
functions of the cytoskeleton
cell shape, muscle contraction, movement (of cells, organelles, chromosomes, or particles outside of cell)
how are ribosomes classified?
by the sedimentation coefficient
