Chapter 4

Question 1

what organelles contain circular DNA?

Answer 1

chloroplasts and mitochondria

Question 2

Function of lysosomes

Answer 2

cellular recycling

Question 3

mannose-6-phosphate tag

Answer 3

tells rough ER to send the protein to the lysosomes

Question 4

size of prokaryotic ribosome

Answer 4

50s, 30s

makes 70s full ribosome

Question 5

what organelles are part of the endomembrane system

Answer 5

nucleus, ER, Golgi, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuole

Question 6

what are the 3 parts of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 6

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 7

size of the average animal cell

Answer 7

10-100 micrometers

Question 8

which of a plant’s cell walls is more rigid

Answer 8

secondary

Question 9

size of average bacteria cell

Answer 9

1-5 micrometers

Question 10

function of vacuoles in animals

Answer 10

temporary storage

Question 11

functions of the smooth ER

Answer 11

synthesize lipids (add to bilayer) 
detoxification

Question 12

gap junctions

Answer 12

channel proteins found in membrane of both cells that create an opening

Question 13

average size of eukaryotic ribosomes

Answer 13

60s, 40s

makes 80s full ribosome

Question 14

what is the nucleolus

Answer 14

cluster of DNA, RNA, and proteins inside the nucleus. where ribosomes are formed

Question 15

functions of Golgi

Answer 15

modification of proteins, sorting, and packaging of proteins

Question 16

what are the steps for secretion of a protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 16

ER (makes protein)-> ER vesicle-> Golgi-> Golgi vesicle-> plasma membrane
/ \
Embedded or secreted

Question 17

function of vacuole in plants

Answer 17

reservoir for water

builds turgor pressure

Question 18

function of peroxisomes

Answer 18

detoxification and some breaking down of things like fatty acids

Question 19

what does the spindle apparatus do?

Answer 19

moves DNA during mitosis and meiosis

Question 20

plasmodesmata

Answer 20

openings between plant cell walls

allows cytoplasm to go through

Question 21

adhesive junctions

Answer 21

loose connections that allow for movement between cells

Question 22

tight junctions

Answer 22

held tightly; don’t allow for movement

Question 23

what is the endomembrane system?

Answer 23

system of interconnected cytoplasmic membranes

Question 24

functions of the cytoskeleton

Answer 24

cell shape, muscle contraction, movement (of cells, organelles, chromosomes, or particles outside of cell)

Question 25

how are ribosomes classified?

Answer 25

by the sedimentation coefficient