Chapter 11 Flashcards
Energy Transduction
light energy captured by chlorophyll and converted to chemical energy
Carbon Assimilation
CO2 fixed and reduced to form carbohydrates
a.k.a Calvin Cycle
Photon
packet of light
Is the portion of the spectrum of energy that is used for photosynthesis small or large?
Small
What is absorption spectrum?
spectrum of light waves that is absorbed by a pigment
Chlorophyll
primary energy transduction pigment in plants
doesn’t absorb green (absorbs blue and red)
What do carotenoids absorb?
blue light
appear orange or yellow
What do phycobilins absorb?
blue, green, and yellow light
appear red
What is the inner layer of chloroplasts?
Stroma which is kind of a watery thing
where are chlorophyll a and b located?
in the thylakoid membrane
Where do light dependent reactions occur?
in the thylakoid membrane
What do light dependent reactions create?
ATP and NADPH
Where do light independent reactions occur?
in the stroma
What do light independent reactions produce
PGAL (carbohydrate), ADP+Pi, and NADP+
What are coenzymes?
intermediate electron acceptors
Oxidation
loss of electron
What is the antenna complex?
a way to harvest light energy where one photon hits and bounces along until it excites the electron at the reaction center
What does PS2 do?
produces O2 and pumps H+ into thylakoid lumin
What does PS1 do?
produces NADPH
Reduction
Gain of electron
Is the environment more basic inside or outside the cell and why?
More basic outside because PS2 pumps H+ inside and creates a concentration gradient
Non-cyclic electron flow
PS1 and PS2 - creates NADPH and ATP
How are O2 and H+ created
Electrons lost in chlorophyll are replaced by electrons in water. O has a stronger pull, so the electrons leave H (creates H+) and stay with O, which are now very reactive. the two reactive O now bond forming O2
What is cyclic electron flow?
electron cycle within PS1 which results in the formation of ATP only
when is cyclic electron flow used?
when there is a high concentration of NADPH but it needs more ATP (more ATP is needed than NADPH to operate calvin cycle)
where does the electron for PS1 come from?
PS2
What are the parts of the Calvin Cycle?
Carbon Fixation
Carbon Reduction
Regeneration
What is the first part of calvin cycle
attach CO2 to RuBP by Rubisco
what is the second part of the calvin cycle
Reduce PGA to G-3-P by removing the electrons from NADPH and give them to PGA
what is the final part of the calvin cycle
if there is enough G-3-P some will be used as sugars, the rest will be converted back to RuBP (with help of ATP)
What kind of environment does Rubisco need to operate and how is this achieved
High pH
light dependent reaction pumps Hydrogen ions into the thylakoid membrane
how many carbons is RuBP
5
one RuBP + CO2 create
2 PGA
what is PGA
a 3-carbon sugar
