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Bio 130 > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What determines what happens to pyruvate?

A

the presence of oxygen

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2
Q

what is the matrix

A

the inner most part of the mitochondria. kind of watery and similar to the stroma

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3
Q

what are cristae

A

folds in the inner membrane of mitochondria that increase surface area

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4
Q

what is the terminal electron acceptor and what does it mean

A

Oxygen

it gives electrons a place to land and stay

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5
Q

what are porins

A

openings in the outer membrane of mitochondria

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6
Q

what in the intermembrane space

A

everything between the outer and inner membrane

effectively continuous with cytosol

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7
Q

which membrane of mitochondria contain more proteins

A

inner

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8
Q

where are the enzymes for the TCA cycle located

A

the matrix

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9
Q

What three things basically happen during the TCA cycle

A

metabolism of acetyl CoA,
complete oxidation of substrate,
energy conserved in the form of coenzymes

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10
Q

what are the electron carriers of the Krebs cycle

A

NADH and FADH2

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11
Q

what enzyme turns pyruvate into acetyl CoA

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

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12
Q

what two things are created when pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA

A

CO2 and NADH

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13
Q

Between TCA1 to TCA4 what things are created

A

2 NADH and 2 CO2 released

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14
Q

What happens in TCA5

A

ATP is formed

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15
Q

What happens with TCA6

A

FADH2 is formed

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16
Q

What happens with TCA8

A

NADH is formed and OAA is regenerated

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17
Q

What are the products per acetyl CoA

A

2 CO2
3 NADH
1 FADH2
1 ATP

18
Q

How does the amount of products per glucose compare to the amount per acetyl CoA

A

one glucose makes two pyruvate, so twice as many products

19
Q

Can fats and/or proteins be used as well

A

Yes, they can be converted to acetyl CoA as well

20
Q

glycolysis and Krebs don’t produce that much ATP, where is all the extra energy conserved

A

in the coenzymes which will use it to drive the synthesis of ATP

21
Q

what is substrate-level phosphorylation

A

ADP becomes ATP with the direct transfer of a phosphate group

22
Q

How many electrons go into complex I and how many H+ are pumped out of the matrix

A

2 electrons and 4 H+

23
Q

how many H+ are pumped out from complex III

A

2 H+ are carried across by CoQH2 and complex III pumps 2 H+ out

24
Q

what happens to the electrons in complex IV

A

passed to O2 which reduces it to water

25
Q

how many H+ are pumped out of complex IV

A

2 H+

26
Q

How many H+ are pumped out of the matrix by one NADH

A

10 H+

27
Q

What does ATP Synthase do?

A

uses the energy from the proton gradient generated during electron transport to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi

28
Q

Each 120 degree rotation of ATP synthase produces?

A

1 ATP

29
Q

How many H+ does it take to create and release 1 ATP

A

3 H+

30
Q

How many ATP does 1 FADH2 produce

A

2 ATP

31
Q

How much ATP does 1 NADH produce in animal cells

A

2 ATP in most cells

3 ATP in liver, kidney, and heart

32
Q

How much ATP does 1 NADH in plants produce

A

2 ATP from glycolysis

3 ATP from TCA

33
Q

How many H+ are transported by 1 FADH2 and why is different

A

6 H+

because it drops its electrons off later in the transport chain

34
Q

What is the maximum ATP yield per glucose

A

38 in animals and 36 in plants

35
Q

About how much ATP is created by oxidative phosphorylation

A

34 ATP

36
Q

Do all of the H+ go to the FoFi complex?

A

no, some energy of the proton gradient is used to drive transport of products

37
Q

Endosymbiont Theory

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts arose from ingestion of ancient bacteria cells

38
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of glycolysis

A

in- glucose

out- 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, 2 NADH

39
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of TCA cycle

A

in- acetyl CoA

out- OAA, 2 CO2, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP, 3 NADH

40
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of oxidative phosphorylation

A

in- NADH, FADH2

out- H2O, 34 ATP

41
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of lactic acid fermentation

A

in- pyruvate

out- lactic acid and NAD+

42
Q

What are the inputs and outputs of pyruvate oxidation

A

in- 1 pyruvate

out- 1 acetyl CoA, 1 CO2, 1 NADH

Bio 130 (19 decks)

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