Chapter 4

Question 1

mendacium, mendacii, N.

Answer 1

lying, falsehood, untruth

Question 2

idest

Answer 2

that is

Question 3

abstraho, abstrahere, abstraxi, abstractus

Answer 3

to abstract, to remove from

Question 4

induco, inducere, induxi, inductus

Answer 4

induce, influence; introduce

Question 5

abstractio, abstractionis, F.

Answer 5

abstraction

Question 6

supra (adv.)

Answer 6

above, previously

Question 7

ut supra dictum

Answer 7

as said previously

Question 8

alterum…alterum

Answer 8

one thing…the other

Question 9

nego, negare

Answer 9

to deny, refuse, negate

Question 10

adeo (adv.)

Answer 10

to such an extent

Question 11

dummodo (conj.)

Answer 11

provided (that…)

Question 12

affingo, affingere, affinxi, affictus

Answer 12

add to, attach

Question 13

quamvis (conj. or adv.)

Answer 13

although

Question 14

siquidem (conj.)

Answer 14

accordingly; if indeed

Question 15

item (adv.)

Answer 15

likewise, besides

Question 16

mentior, mentiri, mentitus sum

Answer 16

to lie, deceive

Question 17

Guessing vocabulary

Answer 17

Thousands of Latin words have come directly into English, so it is often possible to correctly guess the meaning of a Latin word when it is encountered in context. However, pay close attention to the context; the meaning of the English words derived from Latin are often similar but not 100% the same as their cognates. For verbs, a good rule of thumb is to work from the present infinitive.

1. Sometimes Latin verbs ending in -are have the ending -ate in English. E.g., separare => separate, elevare => elevate, resuscitare, supplicare, illuminare, immolare, liberare, communicare, celebrare, cooperare, creare, donare, expiare, cogitare, congregare, cremare.
2. Sometimes verbs ending in -are or -ere change to an -e in English. E.g., observare => observe, praeparare => prepare, inclinare, implorare, evadere, intercedere, praecedere, praesumere, absolvere, adorare, salutare, residere.
3. Sometimes verbs simply drop the Latin infinitive ending. E.g., errare => err, abstrahere => abstra[ct], considerare => consider, manifestare, visitare, convertere, descendere, discernere, ascendere, respondere, formare, reformare.
4. Verbs ending in -ficare in Latin have the ending -fy in English. E.g., sanctificare => sanctify, vivificare => vivify, justificare, pacificare, glorificare.