Chapter 35 Flashcards
Betty Friedan
wrote the Feminine Mystique that sparked the second wave of feminism. Explained how women faced an identity crisis because they were used to their role as a mother/housewife that many did not develop their own life or career.
Billy Graham
one of the first televangelists who gave sermons on television. This brought religion to a new group of people
Joseph McCarthy
U.S. Senator from Wisconsin who falsely accused the State Department, the U.S. Army, George Marshall and several others of being communists during Red Scare II (After WWII). Eventually kicked out of the Senate after the Army-McCarthy Trials because he created unnecessary hysteria
Martin Luther King Jr.
was the face of the Civil Rights Movement who was later assassinated in Memphis Tennessee. Known for the March on Washington and I have a Dream Speech.
Richard Nixon
Ike’s VP, ran against JFK and lost partially because of the power of the TV debates
Ho Chi Minh
Communist leader of Vietnam who requested help from Woodrow Wilson based on self-determination, but was denied because of communism
Ngo Dinh Diem
pro-western leader of Vietnam, but was found to be corrupt and eventually assassinated by his own people
Nikita Khruschev
Soviet leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis and Cold War
Fidel Castro
communist leader of Cuba who became anti-U.S.
John F. Kennedy, New Frontier
first Catholic President who ran against Nixon thanks to televised debates. JFK’s legislative agenda-put a man on the moon, improve insurance, wages, and improve the gender gap
Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlevi
pro-U.S. leader of Iran who was put into power thanks to the CIA
sit-ins, Greensboro N.C.
4 African Americans sat at a white’s only lunch counter because they were refused service so they sat until arrested, but sparked similar sit-ins around the country
dynamic conservatism
Ike’s plan to be liberal with American rights, but conservative with their money
Orval Faubus
Governor of Arkansas who refused to allow 9 African American students from entering Little Rock Central High School. Ike threatened to arrest him and the students were allowed into the school
Massive Retaliation
Ike’s idea that if anyone attacked the U.S. a devastating military response would occur against that threat
Eisenhower Doctrine
financial assistance to help the Middle East fight communism
Military Industrial Complex
Ike was concerned industry was influencing governmental decisions to enter war or create conflict for the purpose of profits. So, the military and industry was too closely linked for the wrong reasons
Checkers Speech
Nixon’s apology for illegally using slush fund money. He promised to give everything back except for the cherished family dog Checkers
Brown v. Board of Education
a young African American named Linda Brown was denied entrance to a local school and the case eventually made it to the Supreme Court where the Court overturned Plessy v. Ferson and stated Separate, but equal was unconstitutional
Dienbienphu
last French stronghold in Vietnam which fell and caused an increase in American interest in Vietnam because the U.S. did not want Vietnam to fall to communism
Suez Crisis
Egypt wanted to nationalize and take over the canal—The U.S. feared access to the Middle East’s oil would decline so America would be more involved in the Middle East and subsequently initiated the Eisenhower Doctrine
U-2 incident, Paris Peace Conference, Francis Powers
prior to the Peace Conference the U.S. had a spy plane that was shot down over the Soviet Union. The U.S. claimed it was a weather plane until the Soviets proved it had photographs of the Soviet Union. The pilot was Francis Gary Powers who was held by the Soviets and later released in an exchange for a Soviet spy. This increased tensions during the Cold War
Sputnik
Soviet satellite that was the first to launch that began the space race and competition
National Defense Education Act
Due to the fear the Soviets were ahead of America in Math and Science the U.S. invested a huge amount of money into teachers, teacher training, and the fields of Math and Science
Robert Kennedy
JFK’s brother and the young Attorney General whose first objective was to go after the mafia. He was later assassinated by Sirhan Sirhan while he was attempting to be the Democratic nominee for President
Robert McNamara, flexible response
left the Ford Motor Company to be Sec. of Defense for JFK. Came up with a flexible response approach to the military so that the U.S. had options depending on the military situation
Martin Luther King Jr. , March on Washington
After Rosa Parks was arrested he became the face of the Civil Rights Movement and began the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Constantly had to defend nonviolent protest. Delivered his “I have a Dream” speech at the March on Washington where they were pressuring Congress to pass civil rights legislation
missile gap
JFK used the idea the U.S. was falling behind the Soviets is the creation of missiles.–**false assumption
Peace Corps
JFK’s program where a group of young college-aged students that would go to third world countries and build schools, hospitals, teach children
Bay of Pigs
Ike’s administration created a plan to have the CIA train Cuban exiles and overthrow Castro, but never used the plan. JFK comes into office and ok’s the plan, but the Cuban exiles were killed or arrested and the U.S. never provided air support. This failure moved Castro closer to communism and asked the Soviets to place missiles in Cuba for their defense. **caused the Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
for 13 days a standoff was created between the U.S. v. Soviets/Cubans over the placing of nuclear missiles in Cuba aimed at the U.S. The U.S. flew spy planes over Cuba and noticed the missles. The U.S. would soon place Cuba under a “quarantine” in order to prevent more missles from the Soviets to land in Cuba. Eventually, JFK and Khrushchev came to an agreement the Soviets would remove the missiles in Cuba and 6 months later the U.S. would remove our missiles from Turkey.
Alliance for Progress
JFK created a program to fund Latin American countries in hopes of making it similar to the Marshall Plan in order to rebuild Latin America
Freedom Rides
riders travelled around the south on integrated buses protesting against segregation. Some buses were attacked and set on fire, so JFK had to have federal marshals ride along to protect the freedom riders.
Birmingham, Alabama
most segregated city in the south when a peaceful protest turned violent and led to the arrest of MLK. While in Jail Dr. King wrote “A Letter from a Birmingham Jail” defending nonviolent protest
