Chapter 31

Question 1

Franklin D. Roosevelt, New Deal, First Hundred Days, Brain Trust

Answer 1

FDR- from a wealthy NY family became Governor of NY. Went to Harvard and Columbia for his education. His legislative agenda to fight the Great Depression was known as the New Deal which would include 15 major acts passed within the first 100 days of his Presidency(which was unprecedented). FDR put together one of the best Cabinets ever when he included the smartest college professors and experts in their field which would be called the Brain Trust.

Question 2

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 2

FDR’s distant cousin and wife. Since polio struck FDR– Eleanor became his eyes and ears and was extremely active for a first lady as she travelled the country discovering problems and attempting to find solutions

Question 3

Harry Hopkins

Answer 3

one of FDR’s friends who was in charge of FERA and the CWA programs during the depression

Question 4

Frances Perkins

Answer 4

first female Cabinet member-Sec. Of Labor under FDR

Question 5

Father Charles Coughlin

Answer 5

Catholic Priest from Detroit Michigan who ran a radio program with millions of followers who became anti- New Deal and extremely anti- Sematic, fascist, and demagogic.

Question 6

Huey Long

Answer 6

Senator from Louisiana who believed in Share Our Wealth- where the wealthy would be heavily taxed and each poor family would receive $5000 during the Great Depression. Later he would want to run for President, but was assassinated by a deranged doctor

Question 7

Harold Ickes

Answer 7

FDR’s Sec. of the Interior and also ran the PWA during the Great Depression

Question 8

John Lewis

Answer 8

leader of the United Mine Workers (UMW)- increase labor union strength during the 1930’s

Question 9

John Steinbeck

Answer 9

author of The Grapes of Wrath about the Okies’ struggles while they lived in the Dust Bowl and many left to California looking for jobs

Question 10

Boondoggling

Answer 10

useless jobs just to help the unemployed-like Steinbeck counting dogs

Question 11

3 R’s

Answer 11

FDR’s goals to deal with the Great Depression relief(short term immediate help or money directly for those in need), recovery (medium term assistance like creating jobs until the economy recovered), and reform (long term changes so another depression does not occur)

Question 12

Glass Steagall Act

Answer 12

helped create the FDIC to insure bank deposits up to $5,000

Question 13

CCC

Answer 13

Civilian Conservation Corps- hired men mostly 18-21 to drain swamps, fight forest fires, plants trees, and any outdoor work. Some viewed this as a form of socialism since all the men were uniformed

Question 14

WPA

Answer 14

Works Progress Administration- created constructions jobs for the building of roads, schools, hospitals, dams, and the such. Within the WPA- the Federal #1 program provided money to employ artists, musicians, and actors—very controversial because many felt nothing was being accomplished by this

Question 15

National Recovery Act

Answer 15

established minimum wages, maximum hours, also allowed labor unions to protest and negotiate

Question 16

Schechter Poultry aka Sick Chicken Case

Answer 16

aka the Sick Chicken case where the Supreme Court ruled Congress cannot delegate Congressional power and give it to the President. Giving the President more power would make him more like a dictator and disrupt the separation of powers.

Question 17

PWA

Answer 17

Public Works Administration- created construction jobs such as building roads, bridges, schools, dams, and hospitals to name a few

Question 18

AAA

Answer 18

Agricultural Adjustment Administration- helped farmers to pay their mortgages, also paid farmers to destroy livestock, destroy crops, dump out milk in order to adjust the supply in hopes of creating an increase in prices, but actually ended up increasing unemployment.

Question 19

Dust Bowl

Answer 19

dry region in Colorado/Oklahoma area where many struggled to become farmers so they left due to the lack of water and fertile soil

Question 20

SEC

Answer 20

Securities and Exchange Commision- regulate the stock market, prevent fraud, and overspeculation

Question 21

TVA

Answer 21

Tennessee Valley Authority- created dams to produce hydroelectricity in the poor Tennessee region. Many critics referred to this as creeping socialism since the federal government now competed against utility companies

Question 22

Social Security Act

Answer 22

act that allowed people over the age of 60 to retire and also provided funds for the poor, disadvantaged, blind, and many others

Question 23

Wagner Act

Answer 23

legalized collective bargaining(negotiating as a group) for labor unions.

Question 24

NLRB

Answer 24

National Labor Relations Board- created to work with labor unions and owners in an attempt to prevent strikes and keep people working during the Great Depression.

Question 25

Court Packing

Answer 25

FDR was upset the NRA and a few other of his New Deal programs were deemed unconstitutional so he wanted to add justices to the Supreme Court. FDR wanted to add a new justice for every current justice over the age of 70. The Supreme Court could go from 9 up to 15 members, but this was shot down because it would interfere with separation of powers giving FDR more dictatorial powers.

Question 26

Keynesianism

Answer 26

British economist who came up with deficit spending which is an attempt to jump-start the economy by spending more money up front to create jobs, but it means the U.S. is going into debt by trying to do this. **this is a turning point because the U.S. would remain in debt to this day

Question 27

FDIC

Answer 27

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- insured bank deposits up to $5,000 during the Great Depression Era which gave people more confidence to deposit money in the bank. –still exists today with $250,000 insured

Question 28

CWA

Answer 28

Civil Works Administration- government agency that provided construction jobs for the unemployed. The building of roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, and dams

Question 29

21st Amendment

Answer 29

reversed the 18th Amendment and legalized alcohol.

Question 30

Hooverville, Shantytown

Answer 30

shacks that people made out of tarps, fences, and anything else. Typically they lived on public property and blamed Hoover for their demise.