Chapter 34

Question 1

Harry S. Truman

Answer 1

President who helped end WWII, began fighting in Korea, developed a strategy to contain communism

Question 2

George Kennan

Answer 2

U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union who wrote the “long telegram” a 5,000 word essay about how the U.S. could not stop communism, so the U.S. policy was to contain communism and not let it spread

Question 3

Douglas MacArthur

Answer 3

American General during WWII, Military Governor of Japan, and now led a U.S. force into Korea to assist South Korea and fight communist North Korea. MacArthur was eventually fired for insubordination because he publicly criticized Truman and his containment policy. MacArthur wanted to use maximum force(A-bombs) v. North Korea & China.

Question 4

Joseph McCarthy

Answer 4

U.S. Senator from Wisconsin who falsely accused the State Department, the U.S. Army, George Marshall and several others of being communists during Red Scare II (After WWII). Eventually kicked out of the Senate after the Army-McCarthy Trials because he created unnecessary hysteria

Question 5

Julius & Ethel Rosenberg

Answer 5

Julius was a government worker who passed along secrets to the Soviets during the Red Scare/Cold War Era. Ethel knew about Julius but said nothing, so both were convicted, sentenced, and executed for treason.

Question 6

Robert Oppenheimer

Answer 6

head physicist on the Manhattan Project that was followed by the FBI for year to make sure he did not pass secrets to the Soviets

Question 7

Thomas Dewey

Answer 7

Presidential candidate that lost to Truman

Question 8

Dwight Eisenhower

Answer 8

Republican President during the Cold War who believed in going to the Brink of war to force the other side to back down. Ike was a middle of the road politician who believed in being liberal with the people’s rights, but conservative with their money.

Question 9

Richard Nixon

Answer 9

Eisenhower’s VP who illegally used money from campaign contributions

Question 10

Yalta Conference

Answer 10

discussed the post-war fate of defeated Germany and the rest of Europe, the terms of Soviet entry into the ongoing war in the Pacific against Japan and the formation and operation of the new United Nations

Question 11

Cold War

Answer 11

period of time from 1945-1991(roughly) which had a high level of tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union–arms race, space race, and many other competitions

Question 12

U.S. Security Council

Answer 12

part of the United Nations that is made up of China, Soviet Union, United States, Great Britain, and France that was brought together to stabilize the world

Question 13

Nuremberg trials

Answer 13

trying the top 22 Nazi ringleaders for war crimes. Many were sentenced to death, life in prison, or extended prison terms.

Question 14

iron curtain

Answer 14

Churchill referred to the division because communist eastern Europe and Democratic western Europe

Question 15

Berlin Airlift

Answer 15

since the Soviets cut off access to Berlin, the U.S. did not want it to fall to communism, so the U.S. chose to fly in and provide supplies. If they did nothing the U.S. looks weak, if they sent in troops it would have started WWIII

Question 16

Containment

Answer 16

George Kennan’s policy that Truman used to not let communism spread since it would be nearly impossible to completely defeat

Question 17

Truman Doctrine

Answer 17

$400 Million would be given to Greece and Turkey to fight communism

Question 18

Marshall Plan

Answer 18

government plan which provided Western Europe $12.5 Billion to rebuild their infrastructure and be able to trade with the U.S

Question 19

white flight

Answer 19

large groups of white families left the major cities and moved to the suburbs. The major cities lost millions in tax dollars and became run down

Question 20

NATO

Answer 20

North Atlantic Treaty Organization- alliance between Democratic Western European countries and the U.S.- rivaled the Warsaw Pact

Question 21

Taft Hartley

Answer 21

outlawed closed shops- which would force workers to join a union, so now it is optional

Question 22

HUAC

Answer 22

House of Un-American Activities Committee- led by Congressman Richard Nixon who investigated many communists during the Cold War including the prosecution of Alger Hiss.

Question 23

McCarran Act

Answer 23

forced communists to register with the Federal Government and allowed for the Attorney General to investigate un-American activities.

Question 24

Dixiecrats

Answer 24

Southern Democrats who split from the Democratic party and were in favor of the old southern way of life—segregation.

Question 25

Fair Deal

Answer 25

Truman’s legislative agenda to create minimum wage, maximum hours, Civil Rights, and insurance.

Question 26

H-bomb

Answer 26

hydrogen bomb which is 1,000 times more powerful that an atomic bomb. This invention increased tensions during the Cold War

Question 27

38th parallel

Answer 27

Division between Communist North Korea and Democratic South Korea. Also known as the DMZ

Question 28

GI Bill

Answer 28

Allowed WWII soldiers to receive money to buy a house, start a business, or go to college

Question 29

Levittown

Answer 29

cookie cutter houses that emerged in the suburbs mostly in New Jersey and New York

Question 30

Warsaw Pact

Answer 30

Soviet alliance with other communist countries of Eastern Europe that was created in response to NATO