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Biology 112 > Chapter 34: Chordates > Flashcards

Chapter 34: Chordates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the common ancestor of chordates?

A

an ancestral deuterostome

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2
Q

T/F Chordates are entirely vertebrates

A

False. Vertebrates are a sub-category of chordates

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3
Q

a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body in all embryonic and some adult chordate animals.

A

notochord

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4
Q

T/F do sharks have a vertebrae?

A

Yes, but the vertebrae is made of cartialage.

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5
Q

When you hear “fish,” you think:

A

Actinopterygii

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6
Q

T/F Fish have lungs or lung derivatives but sharks do not

A

True

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7
Q

What separates Amphibia from fish (Actinopterygii)?

A

Amphibia have limbs with digits

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8
Q

What similarity do Mammals, Reptiles, and Amphibia share?

A

limbs with digits

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9
Q

What is similar between reptile and mammal?

A

each have amniotic eggs

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10
Q

What do Repitlia and Mammalia share that Amphibia does not share with them?

A

Amniotic egg

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11
Q

What class are Amphibia, Repitlia, and Mammalia? What class are Reptilia and Mammalia, alone?

A

Tetrapods: R, M, A
Amniotes: R, M

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12
Q 
PARTS
Muscle segments
Notochord
Muscular post-anal tail
Pharyngeal slits or clefts
Mouth
Brain
Dorsal, hollow nerve cord
A

Phylum Chordata

Know

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13
Q

What anatomical part is unique to Phylum Chordate?

A

Notochord

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14
Q

What is the key feature of Cephalochordata (Su-phylum Chordate)

A

You see the development of the head (pre)

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15
Q

The first sub-phylum to have notochord throughout life

A

Cephalochordata

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16
Q

By seeing a picture, recognize what the Sub-phylum Cephalochordata is: know vertebrae, notochord, etc.

A

etc.

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17
Q

What is different about the sub-phylem Urochordata? (Chordates)

A

Notochord is gone in adult

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18
Q

Tunicates and Sea Squirts
Notochord confined to tail
Free swimming larvae have chordate char. adult lack most of them

A

Chordate: Sub-phylum UROCHORDATA

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19
Q

CRANIATES

consists of bilateral bands of cells near the margins of the embryonic folds that form the neural tube

A

neural crest

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20
Q

CRANIATES

give rise to some of the anatomical structures unique to vertebrates, including some of the bones and cartilage of the skull

A

cells

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21
Q 
Class Myxini
Hag Fishes
Skull:
Jaws:
Vertebral Column:
Fish?:
Habitat:
Role:
Larvae:
A 
cartilage
no skull
no jaws
not a true fish marine
scavenger
no larvae
22
Q

The colloquial term for the Class Myxini (Craniates)

A

Hag fishes (no skull, no jaws, not a true fish marine, no true vertebral column, not a true fish, marine habitat, scavengers)

23
Q

The colloquial term for the Class Myxini (Craniates)

A

Hag fishes (no skull, no jaws, not a true fish marine, no true vertebral column, not a true fish, marine habitat, scavengers)

24
Q

T/F Gnathostomes are false fish

A

False. Gnathostomes are true fish

25
Q

Lambreys are in what class?

A

Petromyzotida

26
Q 
Class Petromyzotida
Lampreys
considered to be the \_\_\_ extant vertebrate
\_\_\_\_\_ with a rasping tongue
role: \_\_\_\_\_\_ (some are not)
NO scales, no paired fins, but has a skeleton made of \_\_\_\_\_
Only -\_\_\_ feed in some species
The cartilage is without \_\_\_\_
Habitat (2)
A

oldest, jawless, parasitic, cartilage, larvae, collagen

27
Q

Ray-finned fish

A

Actinistia

28
Q 
Superclass Gnathostoma
\_\_\_\_ fish
Jaws:
What is the notochord replaced by in adults?
Appendages:
Classes for
\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
A 
true
hinged
vertebrae
paired appendages
Classes for
- cartilaginous
- ray-finned fish
- lobe-finned fish
29
Q

Class Condrichthyes

is commonly known as:

A

Cartilaginous Fishes

30
Q

750 extant species of sharks, rays, skates and chimaeras

A

Class Condrichthyes (Cartilaginous fishes)

31
Q
  • streamlined, swift swimmers
  • suspension feeders or predators
  • acute black and white vision, can sense electrical fields, lateral line system for sound/vibration detection
    oviparous, ovoviviparous or viviparous
    common reproductive and excretory chamber
A
  • streamlined, swift swimmers
  • suspension feeders or predators
  • acute black and white vision, can sense electrical fields, lateral line system for sound/vibration detection
    oviparous, ovoviviparous or viviparous
    common reproductive and excretory chamber
32
Q

T/F Sharks are suspension feeders or parasites

A

False. Sharks are suspension feeders or predators

33
Q

Can share sense electrical fields?

A

Yes

34
Q

What class are sharks included in? Does this class have a vertebral column?

A

Chondrichthyes

Yes

35
Q

Do sharks have a jaw and mineralized skeleton?

A

Yes

36
Q

Class Condrichthye
Cartilaginous Fishes
Skates and Rayes
Flattened (dorsoventrally), generally bottoms welling
Most are predatory, few suspension feeders
Uses wing-like pectoral fins to swim
Whip-like tail, sometimes with a venomous barb

A

Class Condrichthye
Cartilaginous Fishes
Skates and Rayes
Flattened (dorsoventrally), generally bottoms welling
Most are predatory, few suspension feeders
Uses wing-like pectoral fins to swim
Whip-like tail, sometimes with a venomous barb

37
Q

Osteicthyans (clade) - Hard bony skeleton
- Ray-finned (Actinopterygii class)
- Lobe-finned (Sarcopterygii class)
Habitat:
Endoskeleton:
Osteicthyans now includes all its bony skeletons
____ class are the bony Ra-finned fish
______ class are the lobe-finned fish
Flattened (lateral), bony scales, secrete slime
Lateral line system (vibration) and operculum covers gills)
Swim bladder for ___ compensation
Usually oviparous, external fertilization

A

Actinopterygii
Sarcopterygii
buoyancy

38
Q

Bony fish belong specifically to

A

Actinopterygii

39
Q

T/F Dipnoi and Actinistia are lobe-finned fish

A

True

40
Q

T/F Amphibia are part of tetrapods

A

True

41
Q

5k extant species of frogs, salamanders and caecilians in 3 orders

A

Class Amphibia

42
Q

Believed to be derived from lobe-finned fishes
Live in water and moist places, some breath through skin, others have lungs or gills
Some go through metamorphosis (frogs)
Eggs: no shells, fertilization mostly external
Care of eggs
- some unguarded/untended
Some ended (male or female)
Some ovoviviparous, some viviparous

A

Class Amphibia

43
Q 
Class Amphibia: Order Urodela
SALAMANDERS
400 species
Habitat:
Retained as adults:
Walk:
A

some aquatic
others are terrestrial as adults or throughout life
tales retained as adults
side-to-side undulating fashion

44
Q

T/F Salamanders retain their tales as adults

A

True

45
Q

3500k species of frogs and toads
Aquatic larva with gills, tail and lateral line system: metamorphose to adults with no tail
Sticky tongue for catching flies
Skin often has distasteful or poisonous secretions
Frog songs very species specific

A

Class Amphibia

Order Anura

46
Q

Difference between toads and frogs

A

Frogs are in the water a lot more

47
Q

Class Amphibia
Order Apoda
Caecilians

From class Amphibia
150+ species
Legless, nearly blind, resemble earthworms
Entirely tropical 
Habitat: some terrestrial, some aquatic
Jaws/teeth, most lungs, eat insects
A

Class Amphibia
Order Apoda
Caecilians

48
Q

What is the major change that separates reptilia and mammal from amphibia, etc.?

A

Amniotic egg***

49
Q

7k species of lizards, snakes, turtles and crocodiles
Numerous fossil species, considered paraphyletic
Scales of keratin
Mostly shelled eggs, internal fertiilization
Ectothermic, some debate that some dinosaurs were endothermic
Evidence: bone growth, cenemial crest, etc.

A

Class Reptilia

50
Q

Turtles
Habitat: marine, aquatic or terrestrial
Hard shell in most
Moist surfaces in cloaca used for gas exchange
Lay eggs on land, often in holes and then buried TDSD - IA
TSD: Temperature Dependent Sex Determination
Pattern IA: Low temp = males
Pattern IB: Low temp = Females
Pattern II: Mid-Temp = Males, High & Low Temp = Females

A

Class Reptilian

Order Chelonia

Biology 112 (16 decks)

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