Chapter 31 Flashcards
General Characteristics of Fungi
a. mostly multicellular and terrestrial
b. absorptive heterotrophs (small organics and minerals0
You find an aquatic type of fungi. Name two characteristics:
a. Ingoldian Hyphomycetes
b. Stream decomposers
A fungi is what type of heterotroph (small organics and minerals)?
Fungi are generally absorptive heterotrophs
General Characteristics: Fungi Absorptive heterotrophs: a. \_\_\_\_\_ b. parasites c. mutualists
Saprobes (an organism that derives its nourishment from nonliving or decaying organic matter.
List three roles of fungi:
sap robes
parasites
mutualists
T/F Fungi can be sap robes, mutualists but NOT parasites
False. Fungi can be sap robes, parasites or mutualists
What are the cell walls of fungi made of?
chitin
a fibrous substance consisting of polysaccharides and forming the major constituent in the exoskeleton of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi.
Chitin
T/F Fungi only reproduce asexually using spores
False. Fungi reproduce sexually and asexually by spores
You find a plant that you think is a fungi. it reproduces asexually by spores and is an ingestive heterotroph. It is multicellular and a stream decomposer. Is this a fungi? Why or why not?
No, this is not a fungi. It is an ingestive heterotroph, while fungi are absorptive heterotrophs.
List the two types of Hypha
septate (walls between)
coenocytic (no walls)
The parts of a septate hypha:
a. nuclei
b. cell wall
c. pore
d. septum
The parts of a ceonocytic hypha
a. cell wall
b. nuclei
The parts of a septate hypha:
a. nuclei
b. cell wall
c. pore
d. septum
The parts of a ceonocytic hypha
a. cell wall
b. nuclei
You find a hypha with a pore, septum, nuclei and cell wall. What type of hypha would this be classified as?
Septate hypha
each of the branching filaments that make up the mycelium of a fungus.
hyphae
the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae).
mycelium
The Mycelium
a. Extensive branching hypha growth produces a mycelium
b. Mycelia are either on soil surface or other objects or grow below the soil
c. A single mycelium can cover 100s of acres of area with thousands of miles of hyphae
d. Hyphal growth is key to increased absorption due to increased surface area
The Mycelium
a. Extensive branching hypha growth produces a mycelium
b. Mycelia are either on soil surface or other objects or grow below the soil
c. A single mycelium can cover 100s of acres of area with thousands of miles of hyphae
d. Hyphal growth is key to increased absorption due to increased surface area
the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae).
mycelium
What composes a mycelium?
Extensive branching hypha growth
T/F Mycelia can be on the soil surface or other objects but NOT below the soil
False. mycelia can be either on the soil surface or other objects or grow below the soil
A single_______can cover 100s of acres of area with thousands of miles of hyphae
mycelium
For fungi, its hyphal growth is the key to what?
Fungi: Increased absorption of nutrients, water due to increased surface area
Fungi have an increased absorption of nutrients and water due to what?
hyphal growth
Know the general Fungal Life cycle.
Attach picture
Fungal: Asexual Reproduction
Spores (n) go through germination to produce the mycelium which creates spore-producing structures (n) which then produce spores (n).
Fungal: Asexual Reproduction
Spores (n) go through germination to produce the mycelium which creates spore-producing structures (n) which then produce spores (n).
Fungi Sexual Reproduction
Spores (n) go through germination to produce the mycelium (n) which goes through plasmogamy (fusion of cytoplasm) and then a eukaryotic stage (n+n - may persist and divide for years) and then karyogamy (fusion of nuclei). Then a diploid stage (2n) occurs (very brief) and then meiosis to spore-producing structures (n) which produce spores (n).
Fungi Sexual Reproduction
Spores (n) go through germination to produce the mycelium (n) which goes through plasmogamy (fusion of cytoplasm) and then a eukaryotic stage (n+n - may persist and divide for years) and then karyogamy (fusion of nuclei). Then a diploid stage (2n) occurs (very brief) and then meiosis to spore-producing structures (n) which produce spores (n).
Spores (n) go through germination to produce the mycelium (n) which goes through plasmogamy (fusion of cytoplasm) and then a eukaryotic stage (n+n - may persist and divide for years) and then karyogamy (fusion of nuclei). Then a diploid stage (2n) occurs (very brief) and then meiosis to spore-producing structures (n) which produce spores (n).
Fungi Sexual Selection
Spores (n) go through germination to produce the mycelium which creates spore-producing structures (n) which then produce spores (n).
Fungi: Asexual Life Cycle
Fungal Phylogeny
a. Chytrids
b. Zygomycetes (pin or sugar molds)
c. Glomeromycetes
d. Ascomycetes
e. Basidiomycetes
Chytrids Zygomycetes (pin or sugar molds) Glomeromycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes
Fungal Phylogeny Chytrids Zygote fungi Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Sac fungi Club fungi
Chytrids Zygomycetes (pin or sugar molds) Glomeromycetes Ascomycetes Basidiomycetes
common in lakes and soil
flagellated spores
thought to be among earliest fungi
Chytrids
You find a fungi that has flagellated spores and is common lakes and soil. What fungi taxon may this fungi be in?
Chytrids
Club fungi
Basidiomycetes
Mostly terrestrial, on soil or detritus
Mycorrhizae are mutualistic on plant roots
Coenocytic hyphae, expect where reproductive cells are formed
Zygosporangia are extremely resistant to environmental conditions
Zygomycota
You find a fungi that has coenocytic hyphae and is extremely resistant to environmental conditions. When it attaches to plant roots, it has a mutualist relationship with them. What is this fungi?
Zygomycota (Zygote fungi - bread mold)
T/F Mycorrhizae on Zygomycota are mutualists on plant roots.
True
You find a fungi that you think is zygomycota. It has coenocytic hyphae where the reproductive cells are formed and is extremely resistant to environmental conditions and is found on garden plants. Is this an example of zygomycota?
No, because zygomycota have coenocytic hyphae except where reproductive cells are formed.
The Life Cycle of Zygomycota
Know this throughly in all parts
In the Sexual Life Cycle of Zygomycota, Karyogamy is followed by what?
Meiosis
mycorrhizae
- symbiosis (typically) with eighty-percent land plants
Arbuscular mycorrhiza
- Penetrates cortical cells of roots
- Helps to supply water, minerals and nutrients to roots
Glomeromycetes
What is the function of arbuscular mycorrhiza?
Helps to supply water, minerals, and nutrients to roots