Chapter 29 - PP Flashcards
Kingdom Plantae:
a. multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs
b. cell walls of cellulose, starch for storage
c. terrestrial, obtain nutrients from soil, oxygen and CO2 from air through stomata
d. lignin - compound binds cellulose and hardens/strengthens cell walls
e. sporopollenin - structural integrity for pollen/plant spores
f. internal fertilization (empryophytes)
Kingdom Plantae:
a. multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophs
b. cell walls of cellulose, starch for storage
c. terrestrial, obtain nutrients from soil, oxygen and CO2 from air through stomata
d. lignin - compound binds cellulose and hardens/strengthens cell walls
e. sporopollenin - structural integrity for pollen/plant spores
f. internal fertilization (empryophytes)
T/F The kingdom Plantae typically includes organisms that are multicellular
True
Kingdom Plantae organisms obtain __ from the soil and it obtains ___ and ___ from the air through stomata
a. nutrients, CO2, oxygen
kingdom plantae: a compound that binds cellulose and hardens and strengthens cell walls
lignin
What provides structural integrity for pollen and plant spores?
Sporopollenin
In the Kingdom Plantae, the organism cell walls are typically made of what?
cellulose
You find a multicellular, photosynthetic autotrophic organism that has internal fertilization. What kingdom is this organism probably part of?
Kingdom Plantae
Gametophyte (multicellular ______)
Sporophyte (multicellular ____)
haploid
diploid
Spore-producing
diploid
You cannot do _______ unless you are diploid to begin with (sporophyte)
meiosis
Sporophyte: a diploid is going through meiosis to produce haploid gametophytes
True
In ___, gametophytes (multicellular haploids) go through mitosis to produce sporophytes (multicellular diploid)
mitosis
T/F Fertilization requires two haploid spores.
False, two gametes
Kingdom Plantae: The moment you have zygotes, they are essentially ____
sporophytes
Multicellular haploid
Multicellular diploid
gametes,
sporophytes
Vridiplantae are composed of what two large sub-categories?
green algae
embryophytes
LAND Plants List three main nonvascular plants (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_) a. b. c. Name four vascular plants a. b. c. d. List the two seedless vascular plants a b. List the two seed plants a. b.
Bryophytes Three main nonvascular plants a. liverworts b. mosses c. hornworts \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Four vascular plants: a. lycophytes b. monilophytes c. gymnosperms d. angiosperms Two seedless vascular plants a. lycophytes b. monilophytes (terrifytes) Seed plants a. gymnosperms b. angiosperms
Club mosses, spike mosses, and quill worts are all part of what sub-category of seedless vascular land plants?
lycophytes
Gymnosperms and angiosperms are both plants in what sub-category of ____ land plants?
a. seed plants, vascular
T/F Hornworts, mosses, and liverworts are part of the seedless vascular marine plants.
False. Hornworts, mosses and liverworts are part of the nonvascular bryophytes on LAND
The typical moss is part of what sub-category and main category of plants?
Nonvascular plants (bryophytes),
The typical moss is part of what sub-category and main category of plants?
Nonvascular plants (bryophytes),
Which sub-category of non-vascular plants (bryophytes) include the largest number of known species?
Mosses
Brophyta is what taxonomic category?
Phylum
Why phylum has the largest number of known species in the land plants?
Angiosperms - Phylum Anthophyta
most “primitive” embryophytes
Bryophytes
Gametophytes:
Male gametophytes are called _____ and they produce ___
Female gametophytes are called __ and they produce ___
antheridia, sperm
archegonia, eggs
Sporophytes -> _____ (____ are formed)
sporangia, spores
For Bryophytes, what is absolutely necessary for fertilization to occur?
water
In many plants, lignin fills the space in between the cell wall between cellulose. Do Bryophytes have this lignin?
No
Name the three divisions of Bryophytes
Bryophyta
Hepatophyta
Anthocerophyta
T/F Archegonia gametophytes produce sperm
False. Antheridia gametophytes (Phylum Bryophytes) produce sperm
In many plants, what fills the pace in the cell wall between cellulose?
lignin
You find. moss that is very soft. What may this be due to?
Moss is part of the Phylum Bryophyta. Bryophyta lack lignin (which typically fills the space in between the cell wall between cellulose), so the moss is less structurally stiff.
Phylum Bryophyta: Mosses
a. gametophyte _______
b. form mats of tightly packed __
b. no true __, _____, or ____
c. both gametophytes and sporophytes are ____
d. Sphagnum are ecologically important
- —–> dry/peat moss, hold water/soil, wound treatment - acidic absorptive
a. dominant, plants, roots, leaves, stems, large
You find a dry peat moss in the forest. It holds water and soil and when you use it to help a bleeding hemophiliac, it absorbs the gushing blood. What genus is this and in what category of the Phylum Bryophyta is this organism?
Sphagnum, peat moss
You find a forest organism that has no true stems, leaves or roots. Both its gametophyte and sporophyte are large. What sub-category and Phylum may this organism be in?
moss, Bryophyta
Describe the difference between gametophyte and sporophyte:
A gametophyte is one of the two alternating phases in the life cycle of plants and algae. It is a haploid multicellular organism that develops from a haploid spore that has one set of chromosomes. The gametophyte is the sexual phase in the life cycle of plants and algae. It develops sex organs that produce gametes, haploid sex cells that participate in fertilization to form a diploid zygote which has two sets of chromosomes. Cell division of the zygote results in a new diploid multicellular organism, the second stage in the life cycle known as the sporophyte, the function of which is to produce haploid spores by meiosis.
Most mosses have separate ___ and ____ gametophytes, with __ and _____, respectively
male, female, antheridia, archegonia
Within the Phylum Bryophyta, fertilization occurs within what structure?
archegonium
the female sex organ in mosses, liverworts, ferns, and most conifers.
archegonium
is a multicellular structure or organ of the gametophyte phase of certain plants, producing and containing the ovum or female gamete
archegonium
the male sex organ of algae, mosses, ferns, fungi, and other nonflowering plants.
antheridium
A haploid structure or organ producing and containing male gametes.
antheridium
During fertilization, the __ zygote develops not a sporophyte embryo within the _____
diploid, archegonium
During fertilization, the sporophyte remains nutritionally dependent on the _____
gametophyte
Know the difference between archegonia and antheridium (pictures)
Know
The colloquial term for Hepatophyta
Liverworts
Hepatophyta: _____
a. inconspicuous, lobe-shaped ____
b. almost never far from _____
c. reproduce like _____
d. asexual reproduction by ____ in gammae cups
Liverworts
a. thallus
b. water
c. mosses
d. gamma
Are terophyta and spenophyta different classifications?
Yes
Abundant in fossil record, some up to 15 m long
Horsetails - Equisetum
Cross section of horsetail’s stem - KNOW
KNOW
Pterophyta - Ferns
a. Well represented in the tropics (abundant), many extant, greatest diversity in tropics
b. Ferns often with very large leaves (fronds) often highly divided
c. Size: small to as large as small trees (tree ferns)
d. Sporangia on underside of fronds, arranged in sori, covered in various ways or naked
Pterophyta - Ferns
a. Well represented in the tropics (abundant), many extant, greatest diversity in tropics
b. Ferns often with very large leaves (fronds) often highly divided
c. Size: small to as large as small trees (tree ferns)
d. Sporangia on underside of fronds, arranged in sori, covered in various ways or naked
____________ - Ferns
a. Well represented in the ___ (abundant), many extant, greatest diversity in tropics
b. Ferns often with very ____ leaves (fronds) often highly ____
c. Size: small to as large as small trees (tree ferns)
d. ______ on underside of fronds, arranged in ____, covered in various ways or naked
Pterophyta, tropics
large, divided
Sporangia, sori
Why are ferns afraid of club mosses?
Club mosses “lycophyta” pterophyta who are terrified to fight
Sori - “a sight for sore eyes”
Know where this is
a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers. They differ from mosses by being vascular, i.e., having specialized tissues that conduct water and nutrients, in having branched stems and in having life cycles in which the sporophyte is the dominant phase
Ferns
Exam: Be able to identify “terophyta” and a picture of “sori” which contains a lot of “sporangia”
…fill this in
