Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BI158 > Chapter 33.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 33.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of ecdysozoans?

A

Animals with cuticles

Ecdysis- molting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do nematodes include (2), what is found at each tip, what is it covered in, and what does it possess?

A

Roundworms

plants parasites and agricultural pests, animal parasites

Fine tip at the posterior, blunt tip at the anterior

Covered by cuticle, shedding as it grows

Alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of circulatory system do nematodes have, how is nutrient transferred, how does it move, and what does it do for the environment?

A

Lack circulatory system

Nutrients transferred via fluid in the pseudocoelom

Longitudinal muscles to produce a thrashing motion

Helps in decomposition and nutrient cycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Example of nematode parasite

A

Causes trichinosis after eating raw pork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lifecycle of nematode animal parasites (5)

A

Ingested as juvenile worms encysted in muscles

Develop within the host

Female burrows in the intestinal muscles and reproduces

New offspring bore int lymphatic vessel to other organs

Can redirect cellular functions of host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Body of arthropods (3), what period did they originate, and what did they evolve from?

A

Segmented body

Hard exoskeleton

Jointed appendages

From the cabrian periods

Lobopods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are trilobites?

A

early arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did arthropods evolve (2)?

A

Segments fused and became fewer

Appendage became specialized for variety of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arthropod unusual hox gene influences (2)

A

Both influence segmentation

Changes in the sequence or regulation of existing Hox genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

five roles of modified joined appendages in arthropods

A

Walking

Feeding

Sensory reception

Reproduction

Defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the body of arthropods covered in, what is it made up of, and 4 roles?

A

overed in cuticle called exoskeleton

Layers of proteins and chitin

Provides protection

Acts as a base for muscle attachment

Enabled arthropods to live on land

Impermeable to water to prevent desiccation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are disadvantages of molting? (2)

A

Energetically expensive

Molted arthropod is subject to predation as new skeleton is soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Three sensory organs in arthropods, and where are they found?

A

Eyes

Olfactory receptors

Antennae for touch and smell

Concentrated at the anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of circulatory system do arthropods have?

A

Open circulatory system- has hemolymph propelled by a heart into spaces surrounding tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inner body of arthropods (2)

A

Homocoel- hemolymph-filled body sinuses

Reduced coelem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does gas exchange occur in arthropods (3)?

A

Allows diffusion in spite of exoskeleton

Some Have thin, feathery gills

Some have pores in cuticles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three lineages of arthropods?

A

Chelicerates- sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpion, ticks, mites, and spiders

Myriapods- centipedes and millipedes

Pancrustaceans- insects, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, and other crustaceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

WHat is chelicerae?

A

clawlike feeding appendage

Pinces or fangs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of body do chelcierates have, and what do they lack and possess instead?

A

Anterior cephalothorax nd posterior abdomen

Lack antennae

Have simple eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the earliest chelicerate?

A

eurypterids- water scorpions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do arachnids include, and the 3 types of appendages it has>

A

scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites

Have six pairs of appendages

Chelicerae- to hunt prey and
secrete poison

Pedipalps- for sensing, feeding,
defense, and reproduction

Four pairs of walking legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are book lungs, and what animal has them?

A

stacked platelike structures contained in an internal chamber for gas exchange

Found in spiders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is spider silk produced, spun, how is it learned, and used for?

A

Produced by a liquid protein in the abdominal gland

Spun by spinnerets into fibers

Inherited behavior

Used to droplines to escape, cover eggs, and wrap foods for courtship, and transport themselves by wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are myriapods found, and what do they possess?

A

Terrestrial

Head has a pair of antennae and three pairs of appendages for mouthparts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
how do millipedes and centipedes differ?
Millipedes Each segment have two pairs of legs Feed on plant matter Centipedes Each segment has one pair of legs Carnivores Possess poison claws in the foremost truck segment to paraluze prey
26
What are pancrustaceans, and why don't we call them crustaceans?
Terrestrial insects are more closely related to lobsters than myriapods Crustaceans are paraphyletic
27
What kind of appendages do lobsters and crayfish have (4)?
19 pairs of appendages Anterior appendage is antennae Three pairs are mouthparts Have appendages on abdomen
28
How do small crustaceans diffuse gas and waste? (3)
Exchange gas through cuticles Larger ones have gills Diffuses nitrogenous waste through the cuticle
29
How do crustaceans reproduce?
Specialized abdominal appendage to transfer sperm
30
What are isopods?
pill bugs and wood lice
31
What do decapods include, what kind of cuticles do they have, and what do the possess?
Lobsters, crayfishes, crabs, and shrimps Calcium carbonate cuticles Carapace- portion that protects the dorsal cephalothorax
32
What do copepods include, and their role in the environment?
Small crustaceans in plankton Food source for whales or fertilizer
33
What are barnacles, and how do they feed?
Sessile crustacean with calcium carbonate cuticle Feed by extending appendages from their shell to strain food
34
What phylum are insects and when did they evolve flight?
Hexapoda Flight evolved during the Carboniferous and Permian periods
35
What kind of wings do insects have, and why is it important (3)?
1-2 pairs of wings emerging from the dorsal thorax Extensions of the cuticles Allows flight without sacrificing legs
36
How did insects radiate in response to plants? 2
Special modes of feeding arose to feed on different plants Diversity of insects are associated with radiations of flowering plants
37
What is incomplete metamorphosis?
nymphs resemble adults but smaller
38
How do nymphs differ? (3)
Different body proportions Lack wings Undergoes series of molts to reach adult hood
39
What are stages of complete metamorphosis (3)?
Larval stages for eating and growing Caterpillar, maggot, grub Adult stage for dispersal and reproduction Metamorphosis occurs during pupal stage
40
How do insects reproduce (5)?
Sexual with individual sexes Mating through bright colors, sounds, and odors Internal fertilization Sperm is deposited into vagina or sperm packet Spermatheca Allows for a singular mating in a lifetime Eggs is layed in food source
41
What is found in order archaeognatha, characteristics, where are they found, and what do they feed on?
Bristletails Wingless Found in bark and moist habitat Feeds on algae and plant debris
42
WHat is found in zygentoma, body characteristics, and where are they found (2)?
Silverfish Flattened body, reduced eyes Live in compost Pest in buildings
43
WHat do coleoptera include, wing type, and mouthpart?
Beetles Thick and stiff wing, one membrenous Biting and chewing mouthparts
44
Wings of Diptera, mouthparts, what do they include, mode of nutrition, and type of eye
One pair of wings, one haltere Sucking, piercing, or lapping mouthparts Flies and mosquitos Scavengers, predators, and parasites Compound eyes
45
What do Hymenoptera include, type of insect, type of wings, type of mouthparts?
Ants, bees, wasp Social Two membranous wings Chewing or sucking mouthparts
46
What do Lepidoptera include, type of wings, and how do they feed?
Butterflies and moths Scale covered wings Feed using a proboscis
47
What do Hemiptera, type of wings, and type of mouthpart
True bugs Two pairs of wings, one leathery, one membranous Piercing or sucking mouthparts
48
What do orthoptera include, what do they feed on, type of leg, type of wing, type of mouthpart
Grasshoppers, crickets Hervicorous Jumping hindlegs Leathery and one membranous wing Biting and chewing mouthpart
49
Roles of insects in the environment (6)
Predators Parasites Disease carriers Competes for food with humans- crops Decomposers Food source Pollination Protein
50
What are echinoderms, and what are they closely related to?
Sea starts, sea urchins Echinoderms and chordates are closely related
51
What phylum are echinoderms and chordates in, and what do they both undergo?
Both belong to Deuterostomia Both undergo radial cleavage and anal blastopore
52
How do echinoderms move, what covers their exoskeleton (2), and what do they possess?
Slow-moving or sessile Thin epidermis covering endoskeleton Prickly from spines Possess water vascular system Hydraulic canals branching into tube feet for locomotion and feeding
53
How do echinoderm reproduce? (2)
Sexual Separate male and female releasign gametes into water
54
What kind of symmetry do echinoderms and its larvae have? (3)
Radially symmetry Mouth isnt truly radial Larvae have bilateral symmetry
55
What do Asteroidea include?
sea stars and sea daisies
56
Where do sea daisies live, the shape, and how do they absorb nutrients?
Live on submerged wood Disk shaped Absorb nutrients through body membrane
57
What kind of arms do sea stars have, how do they move, and how do they feed?
Arms radiate from a central disk Tube feet attach and detach from substrate using muscles and che,icals Sticks through chemicals, not adhesion Turns stomach inside out to feed and secrete digestive juices
58
What does phylum Ophiuroidea include, type of body, how do they move, and how do they feed (2)
Brittle stars Distinct central disk and long, flexible arms Move by lashing arms Suspension feeders Also acts as predators or scavengers
59
What do Echinoidea include, their body, how do they move, and what do they feed on?
Sea urchins and sand dollars No arms Have 5 rows of tube feet for slow motion Possess muscles to pivot spine Used to move and protect Mouth is underside Feeds on seaweed
60
What do Crinoidea include, how do they feed, and their body orientation (2)
sea lilies and feather stars suspension feeders arm encircle mouth directed upwards
61
How do sea lilies and feather stars differ?
Sea lilies Attached to substrate by a stalk Feather stars Crawl using long, flexible arms
62
What is found in phylum Holothuroidea, what do they lack, type of endoskeleton, body orientation, and what do they possess?
sea cucumbers Lack spines Reduced endoskeleton Elongated oral-aboral axis Have 5 tows of tube feet
63
What do chordates diverge into, and evolve?
Two basal groups of invertebrates, lancelets and tunicates Evolved independently from echinoderms
64
Three Characteristics of chordates
Bilaterally symmetric Coelomate Segmented bodies

BI158 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions