Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BI158 > Chapter 33.2 > Flashcards

Chapter 33.2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of ecdysozoans?

A

Animals with cuticles

Ecdysis- molting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do nematodes include (2), what is found at each tip, what is it covered in, and what does it possess?

A

Roundworms

plants parasites and agricultural pests, animal parasites

Fine tip at the posterior, blunt tip at the anterior

Covered by cuticle, shedding as it grows

Alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of circulatory system do nematodes have, how is nutrient transferred, how does it move, and what does it do for the environment?

A

Lack circulatory system

Nutrients transferred via fluid in the pseudocoelom

Longitudinal muscles to produce a thrashing motion

Helps in decomposition and nutrient cycling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Example of nematode parasite

A

Causes trichinosis after eating raw pork

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Lifecycle of nematode animal parasites (5)

A

Ingested as juvenile worms encysted in muscles

Develop within the host

Female burrows in the intestinal muscles and reproduces

New offspring bore int lymphatic vessel to other organs

Can redirect cellular functions of host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Body of arthropods (3), what period did they originate, and what did they evolve from?

A

Segmented body

Hard exoskeleton

Jointed appendages

From the cabrian periods

Lobopods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are trilobites?

A

early arthropods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How did arthropods evolve (2)?

A

Segments fused and became fewer

Appendage became specialized for variety of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arthropod unusual hox gene influences (2)

A

Both influence segmentation

Changes in the sequence or regulation of existing Hox genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

five roles of modified joined appendages in arthropods

A

Walking

Feeding

Sensory reception

Reproduction

Defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the body of arthropods covered in, what is it made up of, and 4 roles?

A

overed in cuticle called exoskeleton

Layers of proteins and chitin

Provides protection

Acts as a base for muscle attachment

Enabled arthropods to live on land

Impermeable to water to prevent desiccation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are disadvantages of molting? (2)

A

Energetically expensive

Molted arthropod is subject to predation as new skeleton is soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Three sensory organs in arthropods, and where are they found?

A

Eyes

Olfactory receptors

Antennae for touch and smell

Concentrated at the anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What kind of circulatory system do arthropods have?

A

Open circulatory system- has hemolymph propelled by a heart into spaces surrounding tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Inner body of arthropods (2)

A

Homocoel- hemolymph-filled body sinuses

Reduced coelem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does gas exchange occur in arthropods (3)?

A

Allows diffusion in spite of exoskeleton

Some Have thin, feathery gills

Some have pores in cuticles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the three lineages of arthropods?

A

Chelicerates- sea spiders, horseshoe crabs, scorpion, ticks, mites, and spiders

Myriapods- centipedes and millipedes

Pancrustaceans- insects, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles, and other crustaceans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

WHat is chelicerae?

A

clawlike feeding appendage

Pinces or fangs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What kind of body do chelcierates have, and what do they lack and possess instead?

A

Anterior cephalothorax nd posterior abdomen

Lack antennae

Have simple eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the earliest chelicerate?

A

eurypterids- water scorpions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do arachnids include, and the 3 types of appendages it has>

A

scorpions, spiders, ticks, and mites

Have six pairs of appendages

Chelicerae- to hunt prey and
secrete poison

Pedipalps- for sensing, feeding,
defense, and reproduction

Four pairs of walking legs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are book lungs, and what animal has them?

A

stacked platelike structures contained in an internal chamber for gas exchange

Found in spiders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is spider silk produced, spun, how is it learned, and used for?

A

Produced by a liquid protein in the abdominal gland

Spun by spinnerets into fibers

Inherited behavior

Used to droplines to escape, cover eggs, and wrap foods for courtship, and transport themselves by wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where are myriapods found, and what do they possess?

A

Terrestrial

Head has a pair of antennae and three pairs of appendages for mouthparts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how do millipedes and centipedes differ?

A

Millipedes
Each segment have two pairs of legs
Feed on plant matter

Centipedes
Each segment has one pair of legs
Carnivores
Possess poison claws in the foremost truck segment to paraluze prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are pancrustaceans, and why don’t we call them crustaceans?

A

Terrestrial insects are more closely related to lobsters than myriapods

Crustaceans are paraphyletic

27
Q

What kind of appendages do lobsters and crayfish have (4)?

A

19 pairs of appendages

Anterior appendage is antennae

Three pairs are mouthparts

Have appendages on abdomen

28
Q

How do small crustaceans diffuse gas and waste? (3)

A

Exchange gas through cuticles

Larger ones have gills

Diffuses nitrogenous waste through the cuticle

29
Q

How do crustaceans reproduce?

A

Specialized abdominal appendage to transfer sperm

30
Q

What are isopods?

A

pill bugs and wood lice

31
Q

What do decapods include, what kind of cuticles do they have, and what do the possess?

A

Lobsters, crayfishes, crabs, and shrimps

Calcium carbonate cuticles

Carapace- portion that protects the dorsal cephalothorax

32
Q

What do copepods include, and their role in the environment?

A

Small crustaceans in plankton

Food source for whales or fertilizer

33
Q

What are barnacles, and how do they feed?

A

Sessile crustacean with calcium carbonate cuticle

Feed by extending appendages from their shell to strain food

34
Q

What phylum are insects and when did they evolve flight?

A

Hexapoda

Flight evolved during the Carboniferous and Permian periods

35
Q

What kind of wings do insects have, and why is it important (3)?

A

1-2 pairs of wings emerging from the dorsal thorax

Extensions of the cuticles

Allows flight without sacrificing legs

36
Q

How did insects radiate in response to plants? 2

A

Special modes of feeding arose to feed on different plants

Diversity of insects are associated with radiations of flowering plants

37
Q

What is incomplete metamorphosis?

A

nymphs resemble adults but smaller

38
Q

How do nymphs differ? (3)

A

Different body proportions

Lack wings

Undergoes series of molts to reach adult hood

39
Q

What are stages of complete metamorphosis (3)?

A

Larval stages for eating and growing
Caterpillar, maggot, grub

Adult stage for dispersal and reproduction

Metamorphosis occurs during pupal stage

40
Q

How do insects reproduce (5)?

A

Sexual with individual sexes

Mating through bright colors, sounds, and odors

Internal fertilization

Sperm is deposited into vagina or sperm packet
Spermatheca
Allows for a singular mating in a lifetime

Eggs is layed in food source

41
Q

What is found in order archaeognatha, characteristics, where are they found, and what do they feed on?

A

Bristletails

Wingless

Found in bark and moist habitat

Feeds on algae and plant debris

42
Q

WHat is found in zygentoma, body characteristics, and where are they found (2)?

A

Silverfish

Flattened body, reduced eyes

Live in compost

Pest in buildings

43
Q

WHat do coleoptera include, wing type, and mouthpart?

A

Beetles

Thick and stiff wing, one membrenous

Biting and chewing mouthparts

44
Q

Wings of Diptera, mouthparts, what do they include, mode of nutrition, and type of eye

A

One pair of wings, one haltere

Sucking, piercing, or lapping mouthparts

Flies and mosquitos

Scavengers, predators, and parasites

Compound eyes

45
Q

What do Hymenoptera include, type of insect, type of wings, type of mouthparts?

A

Ants, bees, wasp

Social

Two membranous wings

Chewing or sucking mouthparts

46
Q

What do Lepidoptera include, type of wings, and how do they feed?

A

Butterflies and moths

Scale covered wings

Feed using a proboscis

47
Q

What do Hemiptera, type of wings, and type of mouthpart

A

True bugs

Two pairs of wings, one leathery,
one membranous

Piercing or sucking mouthparts

48
Q

What do orthoptera include, what do they feed on, type of leg, type of wing, type of mouthpart

A

Grasshoppers, crickets

Hervicorous

Jumping hindlegs

Leathery and one membranous wing

Biting and chewing mouthpart

49
Q

Roles of insects in the environment (6)

A

Predators

Parasites
Disease carriers
Competes for food with humans- crops

Decomposers

Food source

Pollination

Protein

50
Q

What are echinoderms, and what are they closely related to?

A

Sea starts, sea urchins

Echinoderms and chordates are closely related

51
Q

What phylum are echinoderms and chordates in, and what do they both undergo?

A

Both belong to Deuterostomia

Both undergo radial cleavage and anal blastopore

52
Q

How do echinoderms move, what covers their exoskeleton (2), and what do they possess?

A

Slow-moving or sessile

Thin epidermis covering endoskeleton

Prickly from spines

Possess water vascular system
Hydraulic canals branching into tube feet for locomotion and feeding

53
Q

How do echinoderm reproduce? (2)

A

Sexual

Separate male and female releasign gametes into water

54
Q

What kind of symmetry do echinoderms and its larvae have? (3)

A

Radially symmetry

Mouth isnt truly radial

Larvae have bilateral symmetry

55
Q

What do Asteroidea include?

A

sea stars and sea daisies

56
Q

Where do sea daisies live, the shape, and how do they absorb nutrients?

A

Live on submerged wood

Disk shaped

Absorb nutrients through body membrane

57
Q

What kind of arms do sea stars have, how do they move, and how do they feed?

A

Arms radiate from a central disk

Tube feet attach and detach from substrate using muscles and che,icals
Sticks through chemicals, not adhesion

Turns stomach inside out to feed and secrete digestive juices

58
Q

What does phylum Ophiuroidea include, type of body, how do they move, and how do they feed (2)

A

Brittle stars

Distinct central disk and long, flexible arms

Move by lashing arms

Suspension feeders

Also acts as predators or scavengers

59
Q

What do Echinoidea include, their body, how do they move, and what do they feed on?

A

Sea urchins and sand dollars

No arms
Have 5 rows of tube feet for slow motion

Possess muscles to pivot spine
Used to move and protect

Mouth is underside

Feeds on seaweed

60
Q

What do Crinoidea include, how do they feed, and their body orientation (2)

A

sea lilies and feather stars

suspension feeders

arm encircle mouth

directed upwards

61
Q

How do sea lilies and feather stars differ?

A

Sea lilies
Attached to substrate by a stalk

Feather stars
Crawl using long, flexible arms

62
Q

What is found in phylum Holothuroidea, what do they lack, type of endoskeleton, body orientation, and what do they possess?

A

sea cucumbers

Lack spines

Reduced endoskeleton

Elongated oral-aboral axis

Have 5 tows of tube feet

63
Q

What do chordates diverge into, and evolve?

A

Two basal groups of invertebrates, lancelets and tunicates

Evolved independently from echinoderms

64
Q

Three Characteristics of chordates

A

Bilaterally symmetric

Coelomate

Segmented bodies

BI158 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions