Chapter 32: Vocab

Question 1

A machine that measure seismic waves.

Answer 1

Seismograph

Question 2

Waves that travel through the Earths interior.

Answer 2

Body waves

Question 3

Fastest waves that compress and expand rock. Can travel through anything.

Answer 3

Primary waves (p waves)

Question 4

Transverse. Particles travel perpendicular to the direction of wave motion. Can travel only through solids.

Answer 4

Secondary waves (s waves)

Question 5

Travel on the earths surface.

Answer 5

Surface waves

Question 6

Waves that move up and down.

Answer 6

Rayleigh waves

Question 7

Waves that move side to side and are the slowest.

Answer 7

Love waves

Question 8

Separates the crust from the mantle.

Answer 8

Mohorovoicic discontinuity

Question 9

Composed of iron and nickel.

Answer 9

Core

Question 10

Solid layer of the earth.

Answer 10

Inner core

Question 11

Movement of the outer core helps create the earths magnetic field.

Answer 11

Outer core

Question 12

Surrounds the core, 3000 km thick.

Answer 12

Mantle

Question 13

Lower part of the upper mantle. Flows like plastic.

Answer 13

Asthenosphere

Question 14

100 km thick, includes the upper portion upper mantle and the crust.

Answer 14

Lithosphere

Question 15

The top part of the lithosphere varies in depth. Oceanic

Crust- 10 km thick. Continental crust- 20-60 km thick.

Answer 15

Crust

Question 16

Compression of rocks cause the Earth’s crust to bend.

Answer 16

Fold

Question 17

Rocks that are folded or pushed downward.

Answer 17

Syncline

Question 18

Rocks that are pushed upward.

Answer 18

Anticline

Question 19

Rocks that are under pressure and actually break.

Answer 19

Fault

Question 20

The rock that is above the fault plane.

Answer 20

Hanging wall

Question 21

The rock that is below the fault plane.

Answer 21

Footwall

Question 22

Hanging wall that drops below the footwall.

Answer 22

Normal fault

Question 23

The hanging wall moves above the footwall. (Rockies)

Answer 23

Reverse fault

Question 24

Footwall and hanging wall move horizontally past each other. (San Andreas fault)

Answer 24

Strike slip fault

Question 25

Measures amplitude of seismic waves. Logarithmic. Energy/ magnitude.

Answer 25

Richter scale

Question 26

Measures damage caused by earthquake.

Answer 26

Mercalli scale

Question 27

All the continents were once connected into a single supercontinent.

Answer 27

Pangaea

Question 28

Proposed by Alfred wegener. The idea that all the continents were connected and over time have moved to their current locations.

Answer 28

Continental drift

Question 29

Proposed by H. H. Hess. Convection cells in the mantle push new material up to the surface at mid ocean ridges. Older lithospheric material will be found farther from the mid ocean ridge.

Answer 29

Seafloor spreading

Question 30

The earths lithosphere is divided into several large plates that ride on the asthenosphere. Earthquakes, volcanoes, and mountains typically occur at plate boundaries.

Answer 30

Theory of plate tectonics

Question 31

Plate boundary with plates moving apart. (Mid Atlantic ridge)

Answer 31

Divergent boundary

Question 32

Plate boundary with plates that run into each other.

Answer 32

Convergent boundary

Question 33

One plate is forced under the other plate, creates an oceanic trench.

Answer 33

Subduction

Question 34

The more dense plate is pushed downward, creates island arcs.

Answer 34

Oceanic-oceanic

Question 35

Oceanic plate is subducted. Creates active volcanoes and mountains.

Answer 35

Oceanic- continental

Question 36

The plates break and fold on each other; form mountains (Himalayas). Earthquakes are common but no subduction.

Answer 36

Continental-continental

Question 37

Plates are sliding past each other. No subduction, earthquakes are common. (Strike-slip fault) (San Andreas fault)

Answer 37

Transform fault

Question 38

Earthquake generated waves.

Answer 38

Seismic waves