Chapter 316 - Tumor biology Flashcards
Loss of which tumor suppressor gene is a genetic alteration seen in a variety of cancers?
a) F24
b) P53
c) P50
d) A24
B - P53
Epigenetics refers to what?
a) Changes in gene expression rather than in alteration of the genetic code itself
b) The study of hallmarks of cancer
c) The heritable nature of neoplasia
d) The loss of alleles in a tumour suppressor gene
A - Changes in gene expression rather than in alteration of the genetic code itself
What is the role of telomerase?
a) A specialised DNA protein complex that caps the ends of chromosomes and maintains genomic stability
b) Catalyses the synthesis of RNA in cells infected with RNA viruses
c) A reverse transcriptase capable of making the terminal telomeric repeats, therefore extending the telomere and compensating for attrition during cell division
d) A bacterial enzyme responsible for negatively supercoiling DNA
C- A reverse transcriptase capable of making the terminal telomeric repeats, therefore extending the telomere and compensating for attrition during cell division
What forms the first step in the 5 step tumour metastasis cascade?
a) Invasion of nearby vessels and lymphatics
b) Cellular basement membrane invasion and migration
c) Extravasation into new tissues
d) Survival in circulation
B
(1. cellular basement membrane invasion and migration -> 2. invasion of nearby vessels and lymphatics ->3. survival in circulation ->4. extravasation into new tissues -> 5. proliferation in the new site.)
Overproduction of what may account for the ability of cancer cells to induce angiogenesis in the absence of hypoxia?
a) Vascular endothelial growth factor
b) Tumour necrosis factor
c) Sonic hedgehog gene
d) IL8
A - Vascular endothelial growth factor
What is the mechanism of action of toceranib?
a) Cross-links DNA
b) Incorporated into DNA and interferes with enzymes, transcription and translation
c) Inhibits assembly and disassembly of the mitotic spindle
d) Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
D - Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
