Chapter 312 - Urethral disorders Flashcards
Which of the following is a common cause of urinary incontinence in dogs
a) Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI)
b) Urethral prolapse
c) Urethral stricture
d) Proliferative urethritis
A
What is the most common site for uroliths to become lodged in male dogs?
a) Bladder neck
b) Proximal urethra near the os penis
c) Pelvic urethra
d) Ureter
B
What diagnostic method is preferred for visualising the dynamic function of the lower urinary tract, especially the urethra?
a) Radiography
b) Ultrasound
c) Fluoroscopy
d) CT
C
Which the following breeds is most commonly affected by urethral prolapse?
a) German Shephard
b) Boxer
c) Yorkshire terrier
d) English Bulldog
D
What is the typical first-line treatment for Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence (USMI) in dogs?
a) Urethral stents
b) Oestrogen or alpha-agonists
c) Urethral bulking agents
d) Anticholinergic medication
B
Which of the following is not a common cause of urethral strictures in dogs and cats?
a) Trauma
b) Congenital
c) Iatrogenic injury from catheterisation
d) Neoplasia
B
Which diagnostic method is most useful for assessing the location of radiolucent urethral uroliths, such as those composed of urate or cystine?
a) Ultrasonography
b) Urethroscopy
c) Abdominal palpation
d) Contrast urethrogram
D
Which treatment option is considered most effective for managing proliferative urethritis with urethral obstruction in dogs?
a) Balloon dilation alone
b) Medical therapy with antibiotics and immunosuppressants
c) Urethral stent placement
d) Surgery resection
C
What is the recurrence rate of urethral prolapse in dogs after surgical resection, with postoperative bleeding documented?
a) 11%
b) 31%
c) 51%
d) 71%
D
What is the recommended treatment for dogs with urethroliths lodged tightly in the urethral wall?
a) Laser lithotripsy and basket retrieval
b) Balloon dilation
c) Medical dissolution
d) Surgical urethrotomy
A
