Chapter 3 Section 4A Flashcards
What is a patriot?
“The American colonists who favored war against [the British] called themselves Patriots.”
They wanted independence and liberty/freedom
Pro U.S. and anti-British
What is a loyalist?
“American colonists who remained loyal to Britain were known as loyalists.”
- Loyalists were usually rich
- They had some sort of connection with Britain (like family, trade, etc.)
- Some joined the British army, and had the advantage of knowing the American land
What is a refugee?
“A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee conflict or persecution and has crossed an international border to seek safety.”
- They don’t go back home
What is a blockade?
“A blockade is the shutting of a port to keep people or supplies from moving in or out.”
- Ex. the Boston Harbor in the Intolerable Acts
What are mercenaries?
Mercenaries are troops that you can hire to fight for you.
- They fight for money
- They are very professional
What is an example of a mercenary?
One example of a mercenary is the German troops called the Hessians.
- They Hessians were stationed in NJ
- They were hired by the British
Where did the second Continental Congress meet?
The second Continental Congress meet in Philadelphia in Independence Hall (used to be called Old Pennsylvania State Hall)
Who took over Fort Ticonderoga?
Benedict Arnold and Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys.
- The Green Mountain Boys are from Vermont (used to be part of NY and NH)
Who made up the Continental army and who was their commander?
The continental army was people from all 13 colonies coming together to fight
- They were led by George Washington
- They had uniforms
How is the Continental army different from militias?
The Continental army travels all over the colonies, while the militia only stays in their designated colony.
What was the Olive Branch Petition and who was its author?
The Olive Branch Petition was written by John Dickinson of Pennsylvania (who btw was the only person not to sign the declaration of independence). The petition was written to declare loyalty to England and request to get rid of the Intolerable Acts (requesting peace)
Why was the Olive Branch Petition important?
It was important because when the king received the petition, he also received word about Bunker Hill. the king did not understand what the colonies were thinking (Pro or anti England), so he declared “ALL colonies are in rebellion.” This gives the colonies a sense of union, since they didn’t ALL rebel, but they were grouped together as one.
What were the Patriot advantages in the war?
The Patriot advantages in the war were that they were better at shooting, they had Washington (good general), they knew the land well, and they were fighting for a very important cause
What are the Patriot disadvantages in the war? (6)
The Patriot disadvantages in the war were that they had less people, a worse army, no training, no government, less supplies, and no navy.
What were the British advantages in the war? (6)
The British advantages in the war were a better army, larger numbers (Loyalists and Hessians), the best navy, more money and supplies, more experience, and a government
What were the British disadvantages in the war? (4)
Their disadvantages were that they did not know the land, they were very far from home, their red coats, and stubborn generals who did not want to change (Edward Braddock)
What was the Battle of Bunker Hill like?
In the summer of 1775, 6,000 British troops were stationed in Boston. American Colonel William Prescott wanted them gone, so he led a small army of 1,200 men to go up Bunker Hill and shoot the British from up high. The British tried to attack twice, but failed, and on the third try, they managed to overpower the Patriots and took over Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill.
Who was William Prescott?
The American (patriot) Colonel who led the American troops in the Battle of Bunker Hill
How many redcoats were killed in the Battle of Bunker Hill?
about 1,000
What is William Prescott’s famous quote?
“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes.”
