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HLE 1150 > Chapter 3 - Psychological Health > Flashcards

Chapter 3 - Psychological Health Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological Health (aka Mental Health)

A

defined as the extent to which we are able to function optimally in the face of challenges, whether we have a mental illness or not;
negatively the absence of sickness, or positively, as the presence of wellness;

A combination of two parts
Mental Health: the thinking component of psychology that allows you to perceive reality accurately and respond rationally and effectively
Emotional Health: the feeling component of psychological health that influences your interpretation of and response to events.

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2
Q

Self-Actualization

A

The Highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

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3
Q

Qualities of Self-Actualization

A
  • Realism
  • Acceptance
  • Autonomy
  • Authenticity
  • Capacity of Intamacy
  • Creativity
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4
Q

Self-concept

A

The ideas, feelings, and perceptions a person has about themself; also called self-image

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5
Q

Self-esteem

A

Satisfaction and confidence in yourself; the valuing of yourself as a person.

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6
Q

Autonomy

A

Independence; the sense of being self-directed

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7
Q

Positive Psychology

A

The ability to define positive goals and to identify concrete, measurable ways of achieving them.

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8
Q

Who created positive psychology and who was it inspired by?

A

The movement of positive psychology was created by Martin Seligman inspired by Abraham Maslow.

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9
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological needs -> Safety and Security -> Love and Belongingness -> Self-esteem (from bottom to top, least to most important)

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10
Q

Seligmans’s Dimensions of Happiness

A

Pleasant Life, Engaged Life, and Meaningful Life

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11
Q

The Pleasant Life

A

Dedicated to maximizing the postive emotions about the past, present, and future, and to minimizing pain and negative emotions.

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12
Q

The Engaged Life

A

Involves cultivating positive personality traits such as (courage and kindness) and actively using your talents.

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13
Q

The Meaningful Life

A

Entails working with others toward a meaningful end. Satisfaction is strongest when it comes from more than 1 source.

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14
Q

Emotions

A

A feeling state involving some combination of thoughts, physiological changes, and an outward expression or behavior.

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15
Q

Emotional Intelligence

A

The capacity to identify and manage your own emotions and, where possible, the emotions of others.

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16
Q

What percentage of US adults experience mental illness?

A

21%

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17
Q

What can’t be used to determine psychological health?

A
  • Symptoms alone
  • Appearance
  • Health
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18
Q

Who created an 8-stage theory on development based on conflicts? (ex. Intimacy vs Isolation)

A

Erik Erikson

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19
Q

When does the development of the adult identity start?

A

Adolescence

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20
Q

Values

A

Criteria for judging what is good and bad, which underlies an individual’s moral decisions and behavior.

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21
Q

Integration

A

An integrated self-concept is one that you have made for yourself.

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22
Q

Stability

A

depends on the integration of the self and its freedom from contradictions.

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23
Q

Cognitive distortions

A

A pattern of negative thinking that makes events seem worse than they are.

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24
Q

Self-talk

A

The statements a person makes to themself.

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25
Meeting Challenges of Self Esteem
- Aknowledge something has gone wrong and try again
26
Defense Mechanisms
A mental strategy that uses techniques such as humor or denial to couple with conflict or anxiety.
27
List of Defense & Coping Mechanisms
Projection, Repression, Denial, Displacement, Dissociation, Rationalization, Reaction formula, Substitution, Acting Out, Humor, and Altruism.
28
Pessimism
the tendency to expect an unfavorable outcome
29
Optimism
The tendency to expect a favorable outcome
30
Assertiveness
Expression that is forceful but not hostile.
31
Lonliness
A passive feeling state of disconnection and isolation
32
Anger
A normal human emotion, that needs to be expressed healthily.
33
Intermittent explosive disorder (IED)
People whose anger is explosive or misdirected.
34
Managing anger in yourself
- Reframe your thinking - Distract yourself
35
Managing anger in others
- acknowledge them - respond calmly - disengage if they cant be calmed
36
Psychological disorders are a result of...?
many factors. Genetics is one of them.
37
Anxiety
Fear that is not a response to any definite threat.
38
Specific Phobia
A persistent and excessive fear of a specific object, activity, or situation
39
Social Anxiety Disorder (social phobia)
An excessive fear of being observed by others; speaking in public is the most common example.
40
Panic Disorder
A syndrome of severe anxiety attacks accompanied by physical symptoms.
41
Agoraphobia
An anxiety disorder characterized by fear of being alone away from help and by avoidance of many different places and situations; in extreme cases, a fear of leaving home
42
Panic Attack
A brief surge of overwhelming anxiety that usually resolves in an hour or less.
43
Generalized Anxiety Disorder(GAD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, uncontrollable worry and anxiety in many situations.
44
obsessive-compulsive Disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts and the performing of senseless rituals.
45
Obsessions
A recurrent, irrational, unwanted thought or impulse.
46
Compulsions
An irrational, repetitive, forced action, is usually associated with an obsession.
47
Post-traumatic stress disorder
An anxiety disorder characterized by reliving traumatic events through dreams, flashbacks, and hallucinations.
48
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A disorder characterized by persistent, pervasive problems with intention and/or hyperactivity to a degree that is not considered appropriate for a child's developmental stage and that causes significant difficulties in school, work, or relationships.
49
Mood Disorder
An emotional disturbance that is intense and persistent enough to affect normal function; two common mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder.
50
Depression
A mood disorder characterized by loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and other physical symptoms.
51
What percentage of people get depression in their lifetimes?
20%
52
What percent of Americans get diagnosed with depression yearly?
8.4%
53
What percentage of adolescents from ages 12-17 deal with depression?
17%
54
More women have depression than men (True or false)
True
55
Women are more likely to attempt suicide, but men are more likely to succeed in their attempts. (True or False)
True
56
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
The use of electric shock to induce brief, generalized seizures; used in the treatments of selected psychological disorders.
57
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
A mood disorder characterized by seasonal depression, usually occurring in winter, when there is less daylight.
58
Mania
A mood disorder characterized by excessive elation, irritability, talkativeness, inflated self-esteem, and expansiveness.
59
Bipolar Disorder
A mental illness characterized by alternating periods of depression and mania.
60
Bipolar I Disorder
If the episode is sever, requiring hospitalization, they are known as manic episodes. The person who experiences them have bipolar I
61
BPD 2
If episodes are not so severe, they are hypomanic episodes, the episodes alternate with periods of depression and people are diagnosed with what is known as bipolar II disorder.
62
Schizophrenia
A psychological disorder that involves a disturbance in thinking and in perceiving reality.
63
Warning Signs of Suicide
- Mention of dying, disappearing, jumping, shooting oneself, or other self-harm - Changes in personality, including sadness, withdrawal, irritability, anxiety, fatigue, indecisiveness, or apathy - A sudden, inexplicable brightening of mood (which can mean the person has desicded to attempt suicide) - A sudden move to give away important possessions, accompanied by statements, such as " I won't be needing these anymore" - An increase in reckless behavior.
64
Key risk factors of suicide
- History of previous attempts - A sense of hopelessness, helplessness, guilt, or worthlessness - Alcohol or other substance use disorders - Serious medical problems - Mental disorders, particularly mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder - Availability of a weapon - Family history of suicide - Social isolation - A history of having been abused or neglected - A current or past experience of being a victim of bullying, in person or online
65
Key protective factors of suicide
- Strong religious faith or other cultural prohibition on suicide - Connection to other people, including family that is supportive. - Engagement in treatment in which the person is getting help. - COnnection with one's own children ( or even pets) - Lack of access to lethal means (guns, pills, railroad tracks)
66
Suicide resources
800-273-TALK (8255) or 988
67
Firearms in suicides
Firearms are used more in suicides than homicides. 83% of gun-related deaths in homes are suicides.
68
Biological Model
Emphasizes that the mind's activity depends entirely on an organic structure, the brain, whose composition is genetically determined.
69
Pharmacological Therapy
Medication Treatment
70
Behavioral model
focuses on what people do - their overt behavior - rather than on brain structures and chemistry or on thoughts an consciousness.
71
Stimulus
Anything that causes a response
72
Response
A reaction to a stimulus
73
Reinforcement
Increasing the future probability of a response by following it with a reward.
74
Exposure
A therapeutic technique for treating fear; the subject learns to come into direct contact with a feared situation.
75
Cognitive Model
emphasizes the effect of ideas on behavior and feeling; behavior results from complicated attitudes, expectations, and motives rather than from simple, immediate reinforcements.
76
Psychodynamic Model
emphasizes thoughts; proponents of this model don't believe thoughts can be changed directly because they are fed by other unconscious ideas and impulses.
77
Psychodynamic Therapy
Patients are strongly encouraged to speak and try to gain an understanding of the basis of their feelings toward the therapist and others
78
Biopsychological Model
combines many aspects of understanding the mind, and recognizing that people are vulnerable to their own genetic history on an environment that includes relationships, culture, and personal idiosycrasies
79
Cognitive-behavioral therapies
combine effective elements of both models in a single package.
80
Dialectic Behavioral Therapy
Marsha Linehan; uses principles of standard cognitive behavioral theory by encouraging distress tolerance and acceptance of painful feelings and emotions through mindfulness.
81
First step of self help
Finding what you can do on your own
82
Peer counseling & Support Groups
Can help with dealing with psychological health problems.
83
Situations where professional help is advised:
- Depression, anxiety, or other emotional problems interfere seriously with school or work performance or in getting along with others - Suicide is attempted or seriously considered - Symptoms such as hallucinations, incoherent specch, or loss of memory occur. - Alcohol or drugs are used to the extent that they impari normal functioning much of the time or reducing their dosage leads to psychological or physiological withdrawal symptoms
84
Which ethnic group has the highest suicide rate?
American Indians or Alsaka Natives
85
Inattention
The failure to pay close attention to details; tendency to make carless mistakes; trouble holding attention; failure to listen when spoken to directly; inability to follow through on or complete a task; avoidance of activities that require sustained effort; tendency to get easily distracted.
86
Acute stress disorder
An anxiety disorder that resolves in a month or less.
87
Hyperactivity and impulsivity
Tendency to fidget or squirm; inability to stay seated when expected; inability to play quietly; tendency to be high energy, to talk excessively, and to interrupt others; In ability to wait their term.

HLE 1150 (22 decks)

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