Chapter 12 - Weight Management

Question 1

Do genes influence body size and shape, body fat distribution, and metabolic rate?

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)

Answer 2

The energy required (in calories) to maintain vital body functions while the body is at rest, including respiration, heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure.

Question 3

Energy Balance

Answer 3

A condition that occurs when energy intake equals energy expenditure; the key to achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight.

Question 4

Essential Fat

Answer 4

Fat incorporated in various tissues of the body; critical for normal body functioning.

Question 5

Adipose Tissue

Answer 5

Connective tissue in which fat is stored.

Question 6

Subcutaneous Fat

Answer 6

Fat located under the skin.

Question 7

Visceral Fat

Answer 7

Fat located around major organs; also called intra-abdominal fat.

Question 8

Percent Body Fat

Answer 8

The percentage of total body weight that is composed of fat.

Question 9

Overweight

Answer 9

Body weight above the recommended range for good health.

Question 10

Obesity

Answer 10

Severe overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat; may also be defined in terms of some measure of total body weight.

Question 11

Body Mass Index (BMI)

Answer 11

A calculated measure of human body shape; the ratio of mass (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared: weight/height2

Question 12

True or False? In 1970 15% of Americans were obese and now over 40% are.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 13

A disease that disrupts normal metabolism, interfering with cells’ ability to take in glucose for energy production.

Question 14

Female Athlete Triad

Answer 14

A condition consisting of three interrelated disorders: abnormal eating patterns (and excessive exercising) followed by lack of menstrual periods (amenorrhea) and decreased bone density (premature osteoporosis).

Question 15

Amenhorrhea

Answer 15

The absence of menstruation.

Question 16

Body Image

Answer 16

The mental representation a person holds about their body at any given time, consisting of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions about the body.

Question 17

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)

Answer 17

When a person’s dissatisfaction with their own body becomes extreme.

Question 18

Eating Disorders

Answer 18

A serious disturbance in eating patterns or eating-related behavior, characterized by a negative body image and concerns about body weight or body fat.

Question 19

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 19

An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat; self-starvation.

Question 20

Purge

Answer 20

The use of vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, restrictive dieting, enemas, diuretics, or diet pills to compensate for food that has been eaten and that the person fears will produce weight gain.

Question 21

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 21

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging—overeating and then using compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, laxatives, and excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.

Question 22

Binge-eating Disorder

Answer 22

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating and a lack of control over eating behavior in general.

Question 23

Other Specified Feeding or Eating DIsorders (OSFEDs)

Answer 23

A feeding or eating disorder that causes significant distress or impairment but does not meet the criteria for another feeding or eating disorder.

Question 24

Binge Eating

Answer 24

A pattern of eating in which normal food consumption is interrupted by episodes of high consumption.

Question 25

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 25

The body’s immune system, triggered by a viral infection or some other environmental factor, destroys the insulin-producing cells in to pancreas. Little or no insulin is produced so daily doses of insulin is required.

Question 26

Types 2 Diabetes

Answer 26

The pancreas either doesn’t produce enough insulin, or the body cells are resistant to insulin (Insulin Resistance), or both.

Question 27

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 27

Occurs in 7% of women during pregnancy, usually resolves after pregnancy but half of women who have it go on to develop Type II Diabetes

Question 28

Pre-diabetes

Answer 28

Blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough for the diagnosis of diabetes, most American adults who have this condition don’t know that they do.