Chapter 12 - Weight Management Flashcards
Do genes influence body size and shape, body fat distribution, and metabolic rate?
Yes
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
The energy required (in calories) to maintain vital body functions while the body is at rest, including respiration, heart rate, body temperature, and blood pressure.
Energy Balance
A condition that occurs when energy intake equals energy expenditure; the key to achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight.
Essential Fat
Fat incorporated in various tissues of the body; critical for normal body functioning.
Adipose Tissue
Connective tissue in which fat is stored.
Subcutaneous Fat
Fat located under the skin.
Visceral Fat
Fat located around major organs; also called intra-abdominal fat.
Percent Body Fat
The percentage of total body weight that is composed of fat.
Overweight
Body weight above the recommended range for good health.
Obesity
Severe overweight, characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat; may also be defined in terms of some measure of total body weight.
Body Mass Index (BMI)
A calculated measure of human body shape; the ratio of mass (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters) squared: weight/height2
True or False? In 1970 15% of Americans were obese and now over 40% are.
True
Diabetes Mellitus
A disease that disrupts normal metabolism, interfering with cells’ ability to take in glucose for energy production.
Female Athlete Triad
A condition consisting of three interrelated disorders: abnormal eating patterns (and excessive exercising) followed by lack of menstrual periods (amenorrhea) and decreased bone density (premature osteoporosis).
Amenhorrhea
The absence of menstruation.
Body Image
The mental representation a person holds about their body at any given time, consisting of perceptions, images, thoughts, attitudes, and emotions about the body.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
When a person’s dissatisfaction with their own body becomes extreme.
Eating Disorders
A serious disturbance in eating patterns or eating-related behavior, characterized by a negative body image and concerns about body weight or body fat.
Anorexia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by a refusal to maintain body weight at a minimally healthy level and an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat; self-starvation.
Purge
The use of vomiting, laxatives, excessive exercise, restrictive dieting, enemas, diuretics, or diet pills to compensate for food that has been eaten and that the person fears will produce weight gain.
Bulimia Nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and purging—overeating and then using compensatory behaviors such as vomiting, laxatives, and excessive exercise to prevent weight gain.
Binge-eating Disorder
An eating disorder characterized by episodes of binge eating and a lack of control over eating behavior in general.
Other Specified Feeding or Eating DIsorders (OSFEDs)
A feeding or eating disorder that causes significant distress or impairment but does not meet the criteria for another feeding or eating disorder.
Binge Eating
A pattern of eating in which normal food consumption is interrupted by episodes of high consumption.
