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HLE 1150 > Chapter 1 - Taking Charge of Your Health > Flashcards

Chapter 1 - Taking Charge of Your Health Flashcards

1
Q

Health

A

The overall condition of body or mind and the prescence or abscence of illness or injury.

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2
Q

Wellness

A

Optimal health and vitality, encompassing all the dimensions of well-being.

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3
Q

Risk Factors

A

A condition that increases your chances of disease or injury.

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4
Q

Physical Wellness

A
  • Exercising
  • Getting enough sleep
  • Avoiding harmful habits
  • Practicing safer sex
  • Recognizing symptoms of disease
  • Getting regular checkups
  • Avoiding injuries
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5
Q

Emotional Wellness

A
  • Optimism
  • Trust
  • Self-esteem
  • Self-acceptance
  • Self-confidence
  • Ability to understand and accept
    one’s feelings
  • Ability to share feelings with others
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6
Q

Intellectual Wellness

A
  • Openness to new ideas
  • Capacity to question
  • Ability to think critically
  • Motivation to master new skills
  • Sense of humor
  • Creativity
  • Curiosity
  • Lifelong learning
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7
Q

Interpersonal Wellness

A
  • Communication skills
  • Capacity for intimacy
  • Ability to establish and maintain
    satisfying relationships
  • Ability to cultivate a support system
    of friends and family
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8
Q

Cultural Wellness

A
  • Creating relationships with those
    who are different from you
  • Maintaining and valuing your own
    cultural identity
  • Avoiding stereotyping based on race, ethnicity, gender, religion, or sexual
    orientation
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9
Q

Spiritual Wellness

A
  • Capacity for love
  • Compassion
  • Forgiveness
  • Altruism
  • Joy and fulfillment
  • Caring for others
  • Sense of meaning and purpose
  • Sense of belonging to something
    greater than oneself
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10
Q

Environmental Wellness

A
  • Having abundant, clean natural
    resources
  • Having safe and healthy
    neighborhoods to live and work in
  • Maintaining sustainable development
  • Recycling whenever possible
  • Reducing pollution and waste
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11
Q

Financial Wellness

A
  • Having a basic understanding of
    how money works
  • Living within one’s means
  • Avoiding debt, especially for
    unnecessary items
  • Saving for the future and for
    emergencies
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12
Q

Occupational Wellness

A
  • Enjoying what you do
  • Feeling valued by your manager
  • Building satisfying relationships
    with coworkers
  • Taking advantage of opportunities
    to learn and be challenged
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13
Q

Life Expectancy

A

The period of time a member of a given population is expected to live.

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14
Q

Morbidity Rates

A

The relative incidence of disease among a population.

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15
Q

Mortality Rates

A

The number of deaths in a population in a given period; usually expressed as a ratio, such as 75 deaths per 1000 members of the population.

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16
Q

Infectious Diseases

A

A disease that can spread from person to person, caused by microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses.

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17
Q

Chronic Diseases

A

A disease that develops and continues over a long period, such as heart disease, cancer, or diabetes.

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17
Q

Health Span

A

How long we stay healthy and free from chronic or disabling disease.

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18
Q

Lifestyles Choices

A

A conscious behavior that can increase or decrease a person’s risk of disease or injury; such behaviors include smoking, exercising, and eating a healthful diet.

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19
Q

Top 3 Causes of death in the US (2020-21)

A
  1. Heart Disease
  2. Cancer
  3. Covid-19
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20
Q

Top 3 Causes of death in the US for ages 15-24 (2020)

A
  1. Accidents (Motor Vehicle and unintentional poisoning)
  2. Homicide
    3.Suicide
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21
Q

Health Promotion

A

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health.

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22
Q

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

A

Tasked with promoting national health in the United States

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23
Q

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

A

Tasked with promoting national health in the United States

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24
Q

Affordable Care Act (ACA) (Obamacare)

A

Was signed into law on March 23rd, 2010. Has survived over 2000 challenges in state and federal courts as well as at least 70 Republican-led votes to dismantle it in congress
- Health Insurance Marketplaces (Health Exchanges) facilitate the purchase of health insurance at the state level.
- People can stay on their parents’ health insurance until age 26

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25
Q

Healthy People

A
  • Healthy People is a set of goals, given by the US every decade since 1980.
  • It aims to prevent disease and improve Americans’ quality of life
  • Sets national health goals
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26
Q

Healthy People 2030 goals

A
  • Eliminate preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death
  • Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health literacy
  • Create social, economic, and physical environments that promote good health for all
  • Promote healthy development and healthy behavior across every stage of life.
  • Engage leadership and the public to design effective health policies.
27
Q

Healthy People goal 2020 and 2030

A

Both emphasize the importance of health determinants. Factors that influence the health of individuals, demographic groups, or entire populations.

28
Q

Health Disparities

A

A health difference linked to social, economic, or environmental disadvantage that adversely effects a group of people.

29
Q

Sex

A

The biological and physiological characteristics that define male, female, and intersex people.

30
Q

Gender

A

How people identify themselves and also the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for them.

31
Q

Gender Health Disparities

A
  • Women making less doing same work as men
  • Transgender people more likely to experience violence and less likely to use healthcare
  • Men have higher rates of death from injuries, homicide, and suicide
  • Women are at a higher risk for Alzheimer’s and depression
  • Higher rates of smoking and drinking among men.
32
Q

African American Disparities

A
  • Higher Infant Mortality Rate
  • Lower Rate of Suicide and Osteoporosis
  • Big issues in community are high blood pressure, stroke, diabetes, asthma and obesity
  • African American men are at a significantly higher risk of contracting prostate cancer.
33
Q

American Indians and Alaska Native Health Disparities

A
  • Lower death rates from heart disease, cancer, and stroke than average population
  • Higher rates of early death linked to smoking and drinking, including injuries and cirrhosis
  • Diabetes is a special concern
34
Q

Asian American Health Disparities

A
  • Lower rates of coronary heart disease and obesity
  • Southeast Asian men have higher rates of smoking and lung cancer
  • Vietnamese American women have higher rates of cervical cancer
35
Q

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander American Health Disparities

A
  • Higher overall death rate
  • Higher rates of diabetes and asthma
  • Smoking and Obesity are special concerns for this group
36
Q

Latinos Health Disparities

A
  • Lower rates of heart disease, cancer, and suicide then general population
  • Areas of concern are gallbladder disease, obesity, diabetes, and lack of health insurance
37
Q

Income and Education Disparities

A
  • Higher poverty rates directly correlates to worse health status
    -People with lower poverty rates have higher rates of infant mortality, traumatic injury, violent death, and many diseases (Heart disease, diabetes, tuberculosis, HIV, and some cancers)
  • More likely to lack proper nutrition, experience obesity, smoke, drink, and misuse drugs.
  • More daily stress in these people also amplifies the issues
  • Researchers estimate 250,000yearly deaths are due to low educational attainment, 175,000 are because of individual and community poverty, and 120,00 are because of income inequality
38
Q

Disability Health Disparities

A
  • 1/4 American adults have some kind of disability
  • Rate is rising especially with younger generations
  • People with disabilities are more likely to have obesity, heart disease, diabetes, and to smoke.
  • Many people with disabilities have lack of access to healthcare services.
39
Q

LGBTQ Health Disparities

A
  • LGBTQ individuals may face health disparities due to discrimination and denial of their civil and human rights.
  • LGBTQ youth are more likely to use tobacco, alcohol, and drug misuse; along with a higher rate of suicide.
  • LGBTQ youth are also more likely to be homeless and less likely to have health care.
40
Q

College Student Wellness

A

Even though college student may appear to be healthy, a lot of them have issues. Some can be substance abuse, school, mental health issues, unsafe sex, money, and physical health.

41
Q

Heart disease is associated with …

A

Smoking, stress, a hostile attitude, a poor diet, and being sedentary.

42
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genetic material within an individuals cells.

43
Q

Gene

A

The basic unit of heredity; a section of a chromosome containing biochemical instructions for making a particular protein.

44
Q

Errors in our genes cause…

A

About 3,500 hereditary diseases such as sickle cell disease and cystic fibrosis.

45
Q

Behavior Change

A

A lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy behaviors and working to overcome unhealthy ones.

46
Q

TTM Stages in Order

A
  1. Precontemplation
  2. Contemplation
  3. Preparation
  4. Action
  5. Maintenance
  6. Termination
  7. Relapse (can happen any time)
47
Q

Precontemplation

A

You don’t think there’s a problem. Seek social support. Raising Awareness. 1st stage of Transtheoretical Model (TTM).

48
Q

Contemplation

A

You realize the problem and are considering making a change. Action in 6 months. Cost benefit analysis. Identify Barriers to change. Weigh pros and cons of change. 2nd stage of Transtheoretical Model (TTM).

49
Q

Preparation

A

Intending on making change within a month. Started taking small steps. Creating a plan. 3rd stage of Transtheoretical Model (TTM).

50
Q

Action

A

Made the big change. Make changes to avoid backsliding. Praise and reward yourself. Monitor progress. 4th stage of Transtheoretical Model (TTM).

51
Q

Maintenance

A

Maintained change for at least 6 months. Keep going, be prepared for lapses. Can last for a long time. 5th stage of Transtheoretical Model (TTM).

52
Q

Termination

A

You no longer have any desire to go back to the old way of life. Can to longer relapse. 6th stage of Transtheoretical Model (TTM).

53
Q

Self-efficacy

A

The belief in your ability to take action and perform a specific task

54
Q

Locus of Control

A

The extent to which a person believes that they have control over the events in their life.

55
Q

What does SMART stand for in SMART Goals

A

Specific - No vague language
Measurable - can be measured
Achievable - can be done
Relevant/Realistic (It says realistic in the book) - Important to what you want/ can be done
Time frame specific - Has a time frame

56
Q

Race

A

A social construct that divides people into certain groups based on criteria set by society.

57
Q

How many American Adults have diabetes?

A

37 million (20% don’t know they do)

58
Q

Geographic Location Health Disparities

A
  • 1/4~ of Americans live in rural areas (less than 10,000 people)
  • People in rural areas are less likely to be physically active, wear seat belts, and get screening tests for preventative health care
  • People in rural areas don’t have easy access to timely emergency care, and have higher rates of injury and some diseases
  • Children living in dangerous neighborhoods are 4 times more likely to be overweight than those who live in safer ones.
59
Q

Important influences on wellness

A

Behavior
Family Health History
Environment
Access to Healthcare

60
Q

Relapse

A

Resets the Transtheoretical Model. Can happen at any stage. You go back to unhealthy behavior.

61
Q

Does education effect lifespan?

A

Yes

62
Q

What percentage of the variability of our life span is determined by genes?

A

25%

63
Q

Did COVID-19 effect the US life expectancy?

A

Yes it dropped

64
Q

What is the current US life expectancy?

A

~77 Years Old

HLE 1150 (22 decks)

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