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HLE 1150 > Chapter 17 - Personal Safety > Flashcards

Chapter 17 - Personal Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Unintentional Injury

A

An injury that occurs when no harm was intended.

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2
Q

Intentional Injury

A

An injury that is purposely inflicted by you or another person.

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3
Q

Years of Potential Life Lost

A

The difference between an individual’s life expectancy and their age at death.

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4
Q

Leading Cause of Death age 1-45 in the United States

A

Unintentional Injury

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5
Q

Leading cause of nonfatal/unintentional injuries treated in hospitals

A

Falls

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6
Q

Where do the greatest number of disabling injuries occur?

A

In the home

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7
Q

Four types of Injury situations

A

Home Injuries
Motor Vehicle Injuries
Leisure Injuries
Work Injuries
Weather-Related Injuries

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8
Q

Risk Factors for Injuries

A

Most injuries are caused by a combination of human and environmental factors. Risk-taking behavior, a “I won’t get hurt”/”It won’t happen to me” mentality, and external factors like weather conditions, a drunk driver, faulty wiring, defective equipment, or a slippery surface are all factors that contribute to the risk of injury as well.

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9
Q

Home Injuries

A

Unintentional injuries and deaths that occur in the home and on home premises to occupants, guests, domestic servants, and trespassers; falls, burns, poisonings, suffocations, unintentional shootings, drownings, and electrical shocks are examples.

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10
Q

Most common fatal home injuries

A

Poisoning and then falls

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11
Q

Poisoning

A

Overdose, mainly from opioids, and also gas poisoning, mostly by carbon monoxide, make up poisoning home injuries.

Only take medicine as prescribed, make sure you have a working carbon monoxide detector, don’t sit in enclosed spaces with a vehicle running, and have devices that can produce potentially toxic fumes inspected and use caution around them.

800-222-1222

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12
Q

Falls

A

Leading cause of death among people aged 65 and over, also significant for 44-64. Most deaths from falls occur on stairs.

Preventing falls:
- Handrails and nonslip surfaces in shower and bathtub
- Keep surfaces clear of anything that can cause slipping and tripping
- Light switch by the door, use a night light.
- Be safe on ladders
- Don’t stand on chairs to reach things
- Watch babies when they are somewhere they can fall from and put gates by stairs.

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13
Q

Fires

A
  • Have a fire preparedness plan
  • Dispose of cigarettes properly and use in safe spaces
  • STOP DROP AND ROLL if on fire
  • Smoke inhalation is the greatest cause of death in fires
  • Crawl and cover mouth and nose with a wet cloth, taking short shallow breath
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14
Q

Suffocation & Choking

A
  • Elderly people and children, especially vulnerable
  • Keep small objects away from small children, and avoid easily chokable food
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15
Q

Heimlich Maneuver

A

A maneuver developed by Henry J. Heimlich, MD, to help force an obstruction from a person’s windpipe or throat.

Back blows in conjunction with two-finger abdominal thrusts for dislodging and item from an infant’s throat

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16
Q

Firearms

A

Over 1/3 of firearm deaths of unintended US firearm deaths and nonfatal injuries involve people under 25.

  • Always treat a gun like its loaded
  • Never point a gun unless you intent to shoot
  • Unload a gun before storing it
  • Inspect firearms before handling
  • Take a firearms safety course if you plan on using one
  • If you own a gun, own a gun lock
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17
Q

Motor Vehicle Injuries

A

Motor vehicle injuries kill a lot of people. Motor vehicle deaths in the US have decreased 25% in the past decade. 4.5 million Americans were injured and almost 40,000 were killed in motor vehicle crashes in 2020. Worldwide, motor vehicle crashes kill 1.35 million and injure up to 50 million people each year. Top 10 leading cause of death overall.

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18
Q

Factors Contributing to Motor Vehicle Injuries

A

Speeding
Aggressive Driving
Fatigue
Inexperience
Cell Phone Usage
Distractions
Use of Alcohol & Other Drugs
Incorrect use of safety devices

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19
Q

Distracted Driving

A

Billboards
Roadside Accidents
Conversation with passenger
Eating
Smoking
Daydreaming
Preoccupation
Reaching for Controls

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20
Q

Speeding

A

Faster cars have more dangerous accidents, and window to react also decreases. Follow the speed limit, and go lower in dangerous conditions

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21
Q

Fatigue & Sleepiness

A

Being tired while driving is comparable to being drunk while driving. If tired, pull over and take a quick nap. Studies have shown that sleepiness causes slower reaction times, reduced coordination and vigilance, and delayed information processing.

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22
Q

Aggressive Driving

A

Includes frequent, erratic, and abrupt lane changes; tailgating (driving too close); running red lights/stop signs; passing on the shoulder; and blocking other cars trying to change lanes or pass.

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23
Q

Alcohol & Other Drugs

A

Legal limit for BAC is 0.08%
Alcohol affects reason and judgement as well as the ability to make fast, accurate, and coordinated movements.
The higher the BAC, the higher risk there is for an accident.

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24
Q

Seat Belts, Air Bags, and Child Safety Seats

A

Seatbelts not mandatory in New Hampshire.
Only 90% of motor vehicle occupants used seat belts in 2021.
Seat bealts are the single most effetcive way to reduce the risk of crash-related death.
Seatbelts prevent second collisions, after the initial car crash
Second collisions are dangerous and possibly deadly, especially at higher speeds.

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25
Q

Preventing Motor Vehicle Injuries

A
  • Defensive Driving
  • Never assume other drivers see you or that they anticipate your actions
  • ALWAYS use turn signals, even when no ones around
  • Allow enough space on the road for others
  • Avoid driving in other drivers blind spots
  • Break early
  • Try to have a three-second following distance (four seconds on highways)
  • Slow down in poor weather or road conditions
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26
Q

Motorcycles & Motor Scooters

A

About 1 in 7 traffic fatalities involve someone riding a motorcycle
Per mile traveled, it has been found that motorcycle riders are 29 times more likely to die in a crash than occupants of a car or other motor vehicle.
- Wear light colored clothing
- Develop the necessary skills
- Wear a helmet marked with the DOC symptoms
- Protect your eyes
- Wear protective clothing
- Drive Defensively

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27
Q

Bicycles

A

Bicycle injuries result primarily from riders not knowing or understanding the rules of the road, failing to follow traffic laws, not having sufficient skill or experience to handle traffic conditions, or being intoxicated.
- Wear Safety Equipment
- Wear Light-Colored Clothing
- Wear Reflective Clothing
- Have reflectors on your bike
- Use lights
Ride with the flow of traffic
- Ride defensively
- Stop at all traffic lights and stop signs
- Know and use hand signals

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28
Q

Pedestrians

A

Since a low in 2009, motor vehicles deaths involving a pedestrian have increased 51% and now make up 17% of traffic fatalities.

Most incidents occur on open roads (not intersections), in urban areas, during dark lighting conditions.

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29
Q

Leisure Injuries

A

Unintentional injuries and deaths that occur in public places, or places used in a public way, not involving motor vehicles; include most sports and recreation deaths and injuries; examples are falls, drownings, burns, and heat and cold stress.

  • Don’t swim alone
  • always use life jacket when on boat
  • Make sure sport and recreational activity facilities are safe
  • Wear a helmet, and avoid excessive speeds and unsafe stunts
  • Use playground equipment only for intended use
  • Drink water in hot and humid weather
    • Don’t use alcohol or other drugs during recreational activity.
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30
Q

Personal Flotation Device

A

A device designed to save a person from drowning by buoying up the body while in the water.

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31
Q

Weather Related Injuries

A

Heat
Cold
Wind
Lightning
Flooding

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32
Q

Heat

A

Extereme heat is the leading weather related killer in the uS

The best way to deal with excessive heat is to stay indoors as much as possible with AC or a fan

Wear lightweight, light-colored clothing, drink plenty of water, and avoid heavy metals

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33
Q

Cold

A

Each year, dozens of Americans die from exposure to cold temperatures.
Wear layers and cover your face, fingers and ears to protect them from frost bite. Make sure you have supplies just in case you have to hole up.

34
Q

Wind

A

In extremely windy conditions, take cover in a sturdy shelter. In a server storm such as a tornado, move to the lowest portion of the building or to a small interior room away from windows. If you are outside during a severe storm or tornado, find a ditch. DON’T hide in your car or under a bridge

35
Q

Lightning

A

About 400 Americans are struck by lighting every year, and about 10% of them die. If you can hear lighting, you are close enough to be struck by it. Go inside during thunder conditions. Avoid things that can conduct lightning even if you’re inside Tents and pavilions should be avoided

36
Q

Flooding

A

Stay away from rapidly rising or moving water; it can carry you away in an instant. Even shallow water can sweep away a car in the right conditions.

DOnt attempt to walk or drive through flooded streets or traverse a bridge if it is being pounded by high, fast-moving water.

37
Q

Work Injuries

A

It is estimated that in 2020 there were 4764 fatal injuries and over 2.7 million non-fatal workplace injuries and illnesses. 1.2 million of these cases resulted in days away from work in 2020

Overexertion, slips, trips, and falls also accounted for many days away from work. Back problems account for hundreds of thousands of workplace injuries each year. Be careful when lifting at work, bend at the knees and the hips, and remain in an upright position. Avoid quick and jerky motions and keep the object close to your body.

38
Q

Violence & Intentional Injuries

A

According to the FBI, more than 1.2 million violent crimes occurred in the US in 2020. Research shows that the US has much higher rates of violence than other countries.

39
Q

Repetitive Strain Injury

A

A musculoskeletal injury or disorder caused by repeated strain on the hand, arm, wrist, or other part of the body; also called cumulative trauma disorder (CTD).

40
Q

Factors Contributing to Violence

A

Social Factors
Violence in the Media
Gender
Interpersonal Factors
Alcohol & Other Factors
Firearms

41
Q

Social Factors

A

Rates of violence are not the same throughout society; they vary by geographic region, neighborhood, socioeconomic level, and many other factors.

Neighborhoods that are disadvantages in status, power, and economic resources typically experience the most violence. In 2018, 30% of violent crimes were committed by people under 25 years old.

People who feel they are a part of society (with string family and social ties), and who grow up in areas with a feeling of community (with good schools, parks, and neighborhoods) are significantly less likely to engage in violence.

College campuses can contribute to violence because people have less incentive to cooperate and coexist amicably. (According to the book)

42
Q

Violence in the Media

A

The mass media plays a major role in exposing audiences of all ages to violence as an acceptable and effective means of solving

Researchers have found that exposure to media violence at least temporarily increase aggressive feeling in children, making them more likely to engage in violent or fearful behavior.

43
Q

Gender

A

Most crime is committed by men. Males are nine times more likely than females to commit murder, and three times more likely than females to be murdered. Male college students are twice as likely as female students to be the victims of violence.

44
Q

Interpersonal Factors

A

Although most people fear attack from strangers, the majority of victims are acquainted with their attackers. More than half of murders of women and three fourths of sexual assaults are committed by someone the woman knows.

45
Q

Alcohol & Other Drugs

A

Substance misuse and dependence are consistently associated with interpersonal violence and suicide. Intoxication affects judgement and increases aggression in some people, cause a small argument to escalate into serious physical confrontation. On college campuses, alcohol is involved in about 95%of all violent crimes

46
Q

Firearms

A

Many criminologists argue that the high rate of homicide in the United States is directly related to the very widespread handgun ownership and the relative ease of obtaining firearms, considering that the United States is the only industrialized country so unregulated.

47
Q

Assault

A

The use of physical force by a person or people to inflict injury or death on another

Ex. Homicide, aggravated assault, and robbery

48
Q

Homicide

A

According the FBI 21,500 were murdered in 2020, a rate not seen since the 1990s. The spike in homicides largely concentrate din communities of low-income, marginalized ethic groups.

In 2020, African Americans were eight times as likely as Euro-Americans to be murder victims. Oter demographics that descibe people with the higherst homoocide victim rates are young people ages 20-29 and males. Males also account for 86% of all victims of firearm death and 87% of nonfatal firearm injuries. Firearm homicide rates are highest among teens and young adults 15-34 years of age, and mong Americans of African, Inidgenous, and Hispanic ancestry.

Most homicides are commiteed witha. firearm, occur during an argument, among people who know eachother. 1.8 homicides are done by someone related. 90% of homicides are single victim incidents. Deaths do to “legal interventions” are not technically classifies as homiceds. NEweer methods estimate aboit 1000 people per year lose their lives in law enforcement related incidents. Black men were 2.5 times more likely than white men to be kille dby police, Black people who were fatally shot were twice as likely as white people to be unarmed.

49
Q

Gang-Related Violence

A

Average age for joining a gang is 14. 40% of gang members are younger than 18 years of age. Gang activities can be found in rurla, suburban, and urban areas. Gangs are most common in areas where residents experience the most violent crime and have high unemployment rates, population density and crime rates. In these situations, young people may feel that legitimate success is out of reach and know that some gang member can get rich. They also may be joining for companionship, self-esteem, support, and security.

50
Q

Hate Crimes

A

When criminal acts are motivated by bias against another person’s race or ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, or disability

51
Q

School Violence

A

Schools are basically safe places… most violence of school aged children happens outside of school, and most deaths are single victims. There are still other crimes like theft, vandalism, and assault.

52
Q

Workplace Violence

A

Workplace Violence has decreased by 35% in the past decade. Most perpetrators are white males over age 21, women’s leading cause of death in the workplace is homicide. Firearms are used in nearly 80% of workplace homicides. Workers at grater risk include those who exchange money with the public or work alone in small groups. Law enforcement personnel have the most dangerous job.

53
Q

Family Violence

A

Generaly refers to a broad range of abusive acts comitted by one family member toward another

54
Q

Intimate-Partner Violence (IPV)

A

Physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former partner or spouse.

36% of women and 33% of men experience IPV in their lifetimes. ~1/2 African Ameriacan/ Alaska Native and multiracial hwomen have experienced IPV in their lives.

4 in 10 lesbian women
6 in 10 bisexual women
1 in 4 gay men
4 in 10 bisexual men
have experienced IPV

55
Q

Physical Violence

A

There is a suggested cycle of rising tension, explosion and loss of control, and seeking for forgiveness.

Abused people often stay in violent relationships for years. They may be dependent on their partner or feel trapped.

56
Q

Stalking

A

Repeatedly harassing or threatening a person through behaviors such as following a person, appearing at a person’s residence or workplace, leaving written messages or objects, making harassing phone calls, or vandalizing property; frequently directed at a former intimate partner.

57
Q

Cyberstalking

A

The use of email, chat rooms, bulletin boards, or other electronic communication devices to stalk another person.

58
Q

Violence against Children

A

In 2018 1 in 7 children were abused or neglected. Nearly 5 children die every day as a result of abuse and neglect. Parnets how abuse children tend to have low self-esteem, to belive in physical punishment, to have a poor marital relationship, and to have been abused themselves (although many people abused as children dont grow up to abuse their children.) Poverty unemploument and social isolation ar charecteristics in families in which children are abused.

59
Q

Elder Abuse

A

Each year ove r4 million older adults are abysed, exploited, or mistreated by someone who is supposed to be giving them car and protection. Most abusers are serving as their cargeviers.

60
Q

Sexual Assault

A

Any unwanted sexual contact.

61
Q

Rape

A

Unwanted penetration—oral, anal, or vaginal.

62
Q

Statutory Rape

A

Sexual interaction with someone under the legal age of consent.

63
Q

Date Rape

A

Sexual assault by someone the victim knows or is dating; also called acquaintance rape.

64
Q

Sexual Violence

A

The use of force an coercion in secual interactions is one of the most serious problems in human relationships. The most extreme manifestaaion of secual coercioin - forcing a oersin to submit to anotehrs sexual sesires - is rape, put sexual coercion occurs in many subtler forms, including sexual harassment.

65
Q

Date Rape Drugs

A

Studeis have shown that drugs are a factor in more than 60% of secual assaults. The most common form of drug facilitated sexual assault is alcohol; about 5% of DFSA victims are given date rape drigs.
flunitrazepam (Rohypnol)
gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
ketamine (“Special K”)

66
Q

Factors Contributing to Date Rape

A

Men who rape their dates tend to share certain attributes, including hostility toward women, a belief that dominance alone is a valid motive for sex, and an acceptance of sexual violence.

67
Q

Dealing with Sexual Assault

A
  • Trust your gut
  • Yell
  • Use elbows for striking neck side or stomach if grabbed from behind
  • Try kicking
  • Attacker’s most vulnerable spot is their knee
  • Get away as soon as you can
  • Its ok to act crazy
  • f raped tell teh first person you see everything
  • Try to remember everything, call tehe police
  • DOnt change clothes so they can be tested
68
Q

The Effects of Rape

A

The physical wounds usually heal within a couple of weeks, but the psychological wounds can last. Some psychological reactions include shock, anxiety, depression, shame, fear, nightmares, fatigue, crying spells, and digestive upset. Self blame is also a likely issue that a victim may face.

69
Q

Most vunerable spot on an attacker

A

Knee

70
Q

Child Sexual Abuse

A

any secual contact between an adult and a child who is below the legal age of consent.

71
Q

Sexual Harrassment

A

Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other conduct of a sexual nature that affects academic or employment decisions or evaluations; interferes with an individual’s academic or work performance; or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive academic, work, or student living environment.

72
Q

First Aid

A

Emergency care given to an ill or injured person until medical care can be obtained.

73
Q

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

A

A technique involving mouth-to-mouth breathing and/or chest compressions to keep oxygen flowing to the brain.

74
Q

Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs)

A

Monitor the heart’s rhythm and, if appropriate, deliver an electrical shock to restart the heart.

75
Q

Emergency Medical Services

A

A system designed to network community resources for providing emergency care.

76
Q

Hypothermia

A

Low Body Temperature

77
Q

Frostbite

A

Frozen skin or flesh

78
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Compression of the median nerve in the wrist, often caused by repetitive use of the hands, such as in computer use; characterized by numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and fingers; can cause nerve damage.

79
Q

Homocide

A

An act in which one person kills another person

80
Q

Incest

A

Sexual activity between close relatives, such as siblings or parents and their children.

HLE 1150 (22 decks)

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