Chapter 3:Organisation And The Organ System

Question 1

What is a tissue?

Answer 1

A tissue is a group of cells with a similar structure and function

Question 2

What are organs?

Answer 2

Organs are collections of tissues performing specific function

Question 3

What are Organ systems?

Answer 3

They are groups of organs organised into organ systems. They work together to form organ systems such as-
Circulatory
Digestive
Nervous

Question 4

What are the parts of the digestive system?

Answer 4

Mouth, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, gullet, diaphragm, liver, gall bladder, bile duct, duodenum,appendix

Question 5

What are carbohydrates made of?

Answer 5

Units of sugar

Question 6

What are simple sugars?

Answer 6

They are carbohydrates that contain only one or two sugar units

Question 7

What is a complex carbohydrates?

Answer 7

They are long strains of simple sugar units bonded together

Question 8

What are lipids?

Answer 8

They are 3 molecules of fatty acids bonded to a molecule of glycerol.

Question 9

What are proteins?

Answer 9

They are long chains of amino acids

Question 10

What is a catalyst?

Answer 10

They increase the rate of chemical reactions without changing chemically themselves.

Question 11

What is an enzyme?

Answer 11

They are biological catalysts and catalyse specific reactions in living organisms due to the shape of their active site. This is the lock and key theory of enzyme action .
They are proteins. The amino acid chains are folded to form the active site, which matches the shape of a specific substrate molecule

Question 12

Describe the process of the lock and key theory.

Answer 12

The substrate binds to the active site and the reaction is catalysed by the enzyme.

Question 13

What is metabolism?

Answer 13

It is the sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 14

What conditions can affect enzymes?

Answer 14

Temperature and pH

Question 15

What does high temperature do to enzymes?

Answer 15

The temperatures denature the enzyme, meaning the shape of the active site is changed

Question 16

What does Ph do to an enzyme

Answer 16

It can affect the shape of the active site of an enzyme and make it work very efficiently or stop it working

Question 17

Describe digestion.

Answer 17

It involves the breakdown of large insoluble molecules into soluble substances that can be absorbed into the blood across the wall of the small intestine

Question 18

Where are digestive enzymes produced?

Answer 18

They are produced by specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the digestive system.

Question 19

Name the three types of enzymes that break down food during digestion.

Answer 19

Amylase
Protease
Lipase

Question 20

What does amylase do?

Answer 20

It catalysts the breakdown of carbohydrates to simple sugars

Question 21

What does protease do?

Answer 21

Catalyse the breakdown of proteins to amino acids

Question 22

What does lipase do?

Answer 22

They catalyse the breakdown of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol

Question 23

Where are protease enzymes produced?

Answer 23

stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 24

Where are lipase enzymes made?

Answer 24

Pancreas

Small intestine

Question 25

Where is Amylase made?

Answer 25

In your salivary glands and pancreas.

Question 26

Where is amylase used?

Answer 26

Mouth and small intestines the pancreas

Question 27

Where is protease used?

Answer 27

Stomach and small intestine

Question 28

Where is lipase used?

Answer 28

Small intestine

Question 29

What are the two uses of bile in the digestive system?

Answer 29

It emulsifiers fats, it breaks down the large globules of fat into small molecules so they have a larger surface area for enzymes to act on them.
After the food comes from your stomach it is acidic the bike is squirted onto the food as it passes and neutralises the acidity making it alkaline.

Question 30

What do does hydrochloric acid do for your digestive system?

Answer 30

It allows pepsin to work most efficiently and effectively.

It kills off bacteria that you take in with your food.

Question 31

Where is bile stored?

Answer 31

Gall bladder

Question 32

What conditions do the enzymes in your small intestine work most effectively?

Answer 32

In an alkaline solution