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General Psychology 3rd Ed Aced > Chapter 3- Developing Through the Life Span > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Developing Through the Life Span Flashcards

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1
Q

Branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

A

Developmental psychology

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2
Q

Threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

A molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes

A

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

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4
Q

The biochemical units of heredity that make up the chromosomes; segments of DNA

A

Genes

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5
Q

The genetic transfer of characteristics from parents to offspring

A

Heredity

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6
Q

The complete instructions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in that organism’s chromosomes

A

Genome

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7
Q

Every external influence, from prenatal nutrition to social support in later life

A

Environment

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8
Q

The interplay that occurs when the effect of one factor (such as environment) depends on another factor (such as heredity)

A

Interaction

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9
Q

The study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without DNA change

A

Epigenetics

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10
Q

The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

A

Zygote

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11
Q

The developing human organism from about 2-weeks after fertilization through the second month

A

Embryo

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12
Q

Twins who develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical siblings

A

Identical twins (monozygotic twins)

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13
Q

Twins who develop from separate fertilized eggs. they are genetically no closer than non-twin brothers and sisters, but they share a prenatal environment

A

Fraternal twins (dizygotic twins)

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14
Q

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

A

Fetus

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15
Q

An agent, such as a chemical or virus, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

A

Teratogen

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16
Q

Physical and mental abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking. in severe cases, signs include a small, out-of-proportion head and abnormal facial features

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

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17
Q

A simple, automatic response to a sensory stimulus

A

Reflex

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18
Q

A person’s characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity

A

Temperament

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19
Q

Biological growth processes leading to orderly changes in behavior, mostly independent of experience

A

Maturation

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20
Q

A period early in life when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences is needed for proper development

A

Critical period

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21
Q

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

A

Cognition

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22
Q

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

A

Schema

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23
Q

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

A

Assimilation

24
Q

Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

A

Accommodation

25
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to nearly 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

A

Sensorimotor stage

26
Q

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

A

Object permanence

27
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) in which a child learns to use language but cannot yet perform the mental operations of concrete logic

A

Preoperational stage

28
Q

The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volumes, and number remain the same despite changes in shapes

A

Conservation

29
Q

The Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

A

Egocentrism

30
Q

People’s ideas about their own and others’ mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict

A

Theory of mind

31
Q

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by significant deficiencies in communication and social interaction, and by rigidly fixated interests and repetitive behaviors

A

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

32
Q

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

A

Concrete operational stage

33
Q

In Paiget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

A

Formal operational stage

34
Q

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

A

Stranger anxiety

35
Q

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver, showing distress on separation

A

Attachment

36
Q

According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

A

Basic trust

37
Q

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

A

Adolescence

38
Q

The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing

A

Puberty

39
Q

Our sense of self; according to Erik Erikson, the adolescent’s task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and blending various roles

A

Identity

40
Q

The “we” aspect of our self concept; the part of our answer to “who am I?” that comes from our group memberships

A

Social identity

41
Q

In Erikson’ theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in early adulthood

A

Intimacy

42
Q

A period from about age 18 to the mid-twenties, when many in Western cultures are no longer adolescents but have not yet achieved full independence as adults

A

Emerging adulthood

43
Q

The end of menstruation. in everyday use, it can also mean the biological transition a woman experiences from before until after the end of menstruation

A

Menopause

44
Q

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

A

Social clock

45
Q

XX

A

Female

46
Q

XY

A

Male

47
Q

Physical and mental abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

A

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

48
Q

We are born with this many times of neurons than we need

A

Twice as man

49
Q

All of the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communicating

A

Cognition

50
Q

The ability to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions and perspectives tthat are different from one’s own

A

Theory of mind

51
Q

Muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness and cardiac output peak in this stage

A

Early adulthood

52
Q

Physical vigor more closely linked to health and exercise than age. Physical decline is gradual and gradual decline in fertility

A

Middle adulthood

53
Q

Difficulty seeing fine details, increased sensitivity to light. Small, gradual net loss of brain cells, smell, hearing and distance perception changes

A

Late adulthood

54
Q

Peak time for some learning and memory

A

Early adulthood

55
Q

Greater decline in the ability to recall rather than recognize memory

A

Middle adulthood

56
Q

Characterized by better retention of meaningful than meaningless information, longer word production time

A

Late adulthood

57
Q

Terminal decline typically occurs during last four years of life

A

End of life

General Psychology 3rd Ed Aced (15 decks)

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