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PAM Bootcamp > Chapter 3 Cellular Form and Function > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Cellular Form and Function Flashcards

1
Q

Cells that connect body parts form linings, or transport gases

A

Epithelial Cells

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2
Q

Cells that move organs and body parts

A

Skeletal muscle cells

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3
Q

Cells that stores nutrients

A

Fat cell

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4
Q

Cell that fights disease

A

Macrophage

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5
Q

Cells that gathers information and control functions

A

Nerve cell

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6
Q

Cell of reproduction

A

sperm

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7
Q

____ + ____ = Cytoplasm

A

Cytosol + Organelles

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8
Q

Explain the basic cell structure

A
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9
Q

What are functions of membrane protiens?

A
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10
Q

Name the three membrane junctions

A
  1. Tight junction
  2. Desmosome
  3. Gap Junction
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11
Q

Junction that prevents fluids and most molecules from moving between cells

A

Tight Junctions

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12
Q

“Rivets” that anchor cells together

A

Desmosomes

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13
Q

Transmembrane proteins form pores that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell

A

Connexon

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14
Q

Connexon are transmembrane proteins that form___ that allow small molecules to pass from cell to cell

A

pores

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15
Q

Gap junctions allow the spread of ions between ___- or ____ muscle cells

A

cardiac or smooth

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16
Q

Form channels between adjacent cells

A

Gap Junction

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17
Q

What is a microvilli?

A
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18
Q

Hairlike processes 7-10 um long

A

cilia

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19
Q

What is nonmotile cilium?

A
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20
Q

What is motile cilia?

A
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21
Q

Plasma membranes are ______ _______

A

Selectively permeable

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22
Q

Explain membrane transport

A
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23
Q

How does filtration work?

A
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24
Q

What are the types and subtypes of membrane transport?

A
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25
Q

Explain passive processes

A
  1. No cellular energy (ATP) required
  2. Substance moves down/ with its concentration gradient
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26
Q

Explain active processes

A
  1. Energy (ATP) required
  2. substance usually moving up/against its concetration gradient
  3. occurs only in living organisms
  4. happens naturally
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27
Q

What are the three types of passive transport?

A
  1. simple diffusion
  2. facilitated diffusion
  3. osmosis
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28
Q

Explain simple diffusion

A

Does not require assistance of membrane proteins

29
Q

Explain facilitated diffusion

A
30
Q

Facilitated diffusion is used by?

A

ion channels

31
Q

Explain Osmosis

A

Wherever the solute (usually sodium) goes, water follows. The movement form a area of high water concentration to an area of lower water concentration

32
Q

Water concentration is determined by _______ _________

A

Solute concentration

33
Q

Explain Osmolarity

A
34
Q

The measure of total concetration of solute particles

A

Osmolarity

35
Q

Osmolarity is the measure of total concetration of ____ ____

A

Solute particles

36
Q

When solutions of different osmolarity are seperated by a membrane, osmosis occurs until ____ is reached

A

equilibrium

37
Q

What are the two types of active processes?

A
  1. active transport
  2. vesicular transport
38
Q

What are the two types of active transport?

A
  1. primary
  2. secoundary
39
Q

Active and Vesicular transport use __ to move solutes across a plasma membrane

A

ATP

40
Q

Active transport requires ____ proteins

A

carrier

41
Q

_______ ________ moves solutes against the concentration gradient

A

active transport

42
Q

Explain primary active transport and give an example

A
43
Q

Explain secondary active transport and give an example

A
44
Q

Explain vesicular transport? what proteins are used in this transport?

A
45
Q

Vesicles are made of ____

A

phospholipids

46
Q

What are the two types of vesicular transport and their function?

A
47
Q

Located between the plasma membrane and nucleus

A

Cytoplasm

48
Q

An aqueous component (water) with solutes (proteins, salts, sugars, etc)

A

cytosol

49
Q

metabolic machinery of cell

A

cytoplasmic organelles

50
Q

Granules of glycogen or pigments, lipid droplets, vacuoles, and crystals

A

Inclusions

51
Q

Label the cytoskeleton

A
52
Q

What are the membranous structures of a cell

A
53
Q

What are the nonmembranous structures of a cell?

A
54
Q

A highly sophisticated complex designed to carry out selective, efficient and processive hydrolysis of client proteins

A

Proteasome

55
Q

Specialized for carrying out oxidative reactions using molecular oxygen

A

Peroxisomes

56
Q

What is the main site of ATP synthesis

A

Mitochondria

57
Q

What encloses the chromatin?

A

Nucleus

58
Q

What part of the cell is the sac of digestive enzymes?

A

Lysosome

59
Q

Examples of __ include glycogen granules and ingested foreign materials

A

Inclusion

60
Q

This part of the cell forms basal bodies and helps direct motorists spindle formation

A

Cytoskeleton

61
Q

Site of protein synthesis

A

Ribosome

62
Q

Forms the external boundary of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

63
Q

Site of lipid synthesis

A

Smoothie ER

64
Q

Packing site for ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

65
Q

This part of the cell is responsible for packing proteins for transportation

A

Golgi Apparatus

66
Q

Internal cellular network of rodlike structures

A

Centrioles

67
Q

What is the function of lipids in the plasma membrane?

A

Contributes to membrane tension, rigidity, and overall shape

68
Q

What is the function of proteins in the plasma membrane?

A

Signaling into and out of the cells, ion transport, and cell to cell and cell to matrix interactions

69
Q

What is the carbohydrate function in the plasma membrane?

A

Providing energy needed by the cell to survive

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