Chapter 17 Endocrine System Flashcards
What are the three function classes of chem messengers and their function?
a cell whose activity is affected by a particular hormone
target cell
What chemically binds to a specific protein receptors on target cell?
hormones ( target cells have specific receptors that allows them to recognize and bind to that hormone)
What are the two chemical makings of hormones?
Explain the mechanism of action of water-soluble hormones
Explain the mechanism of action of lipid soluble hormones
Lipid soluble hormones are used for?
gene expression
Explain humoral hormon release
Explain Neural Hormone release
Explain hormonal hormone release
What organs are part of the endocrine system?
What is the importance of the pituitary gland in refrence to the endcrine system?
it allows communication to occur between the nervous and endocrine system
typical glandular tissue in the pituitary gland
adenohypophysis
neural tissue found in the pituitary gland
neurohypophysis
Lable the exterior pituitary gland
adenohypophysis primarily secretes what type of hormone?
tropic
What are the features of tropic hormones?
-regulate secretion of other hormones
-stimulatory or inhibitory hormones
What is a tropic hormone?
hormones that indirectly affect target cells by first stimulating other endocrine glands
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What hormones are secreted by adenohypophysis?
- Hypo- tropic hormone #1
- A-Pit- tropic hormone #2
- Endocrine gland: hormone # 3 (which acts on target cells)
Label the adenohypophysis interior of a pituitary gland
What are the steps that occur in adenohypophysis and the hormones that secreted in each part?
What are the 6 hormones secreted hypothalamo-pituitary target organ? which are tropic and which are not tropic?
- Growth hormone (GH)
- (Insulin like growth factor) IGF
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- Luteinising hormone (LH) FSH
- Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Prolactin (PRL)
all tropic except PRL is not tropic because it secretes milk
Explain the control of pituitary secretion and what affect does it have?
Tropic affect
Nervous tissue in the pituitary gland
Neurohypophysis
What are the two neurohormones secreted into the blood by the pituitary gland?
- antidiuretic hormone(ADH) -reabsorption of water
- oxytocin
Lable the Neurohypophysis of a pituitary gland
What hormones are secreted by the thyroid hormone? and their functions?
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What hormones are secreted by the parathyroid gland and their functions?
Explain the thyroid hormone secretion, stimulation, and inhibition
Explain the parathyroid hormone release, stimulation, and inhibition
What are the divisions of the adrenal gland?
What is another name for the adrenal gland?
Suprarenal Glands
What are the Zonas of the adrenal medulla?
The adrenal cortex secretes what hormones?
adrenocorticoids (steriod hormones)
What are the three adrenocorticoids?
Regulate Na+ reabsorption/ K+ secretion in kidneys
Mineralocorticoids
mineralocorticoids are primarily? and what zona are they found?
primarily aldosterone
Zona Glomerulosa
regulate stress responses, substrate metabolism, blood glucose leves
Glucocortocoids
(stress hormone)
Glucocortocoids are primarily? and found in what zona?
primarily cortisol
zona fasciculata
secreted in much greater amounts by gonads
sex hormones
sex hormones are primarily? and found in what zona?
primarily androgens
zona reticularis
What cells are found in the adrenal medulla and what do they secrete?
chromaffin cells
secrete catecholamines
What are the two types of catecholamines?
- 80% Epinephrine (adrenaline)
- 20% Norepinephrine
The adrenal medulla has what type of affect?
sympathetic affect
What do catecholamines cause?
What are the cells found in the pancreas and what do they secrete?
- alpha cell (secretes glucagon)
- Beta cell (secretes Insulin)
What is the difference between the exocrine and endocrine pancreas?
exocrine - goes to the lumen of the GI track
Endocrine - goes to the bloodstream
Explain what occurs in the pancreas
What are the two gonads and what do they produce and hormones they secrete?
