Chapter 14 &15: Brain and ANS Flashcards
What are the four regions of the brain?
What are the surface marking of the brain and the five lobes?
Label the brain
Label the missing pieces
Superficial layer of gray matter
cerebral cortex
Each hemisphere connects to ___ side of the body
contralateral
Three connective tissue membranes that envelop the brain
meninges
What are the three meninges of the brain?
- dura mater ( periosteal layer and meningeal layer)
- arachnoid mater
- pia mater
Label the ventricles
Explain the production, circulation, and function of CSF in the brain.
What is important in maintaining balance?
Cerebellum
What are the three parts of the diencephalon? location? function?
- Thalamus - information relay station for sleep, wakefulness, learning, and memory
- Hypothalamus- manages temperature, sex drive, BP, sleep
- Epithalamus - limbic system for othe parts of the brain, secretion of melatonin, regulates motor pathways
What are the five lobes of the body and their functions?
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for task management and voluntary motor control?
Frontal lobe
Which lobe of the brain is responsible for visceral sensation detection and integration?
Insula
Which lobe of the brain is responsible somatic sensation detection and integration?
parietal lobe
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
visual
what is the temporal lobe responsible for?
hearing, smell, learning, memory
What are the higher brain functions?
The functions of the brain involve interactions between _____
cerebral cortex, basal nuclei, brainstem, cerebellum
Label the gyrus and sulcus
The primary somatosensory cortex
postcentral gyrus
the primary motor cortex
precentral gyrus
What is the functional difference btw the right and left hemispheres of the brain?
Which nerve does not connect the brain to the structures of the head and neck?
Vagus nerve (x)
most cranial nerves carry fibers btw the brain stem called?
ipsilateral receptors and effectors
List the cranial nerves and their functions
ANS is _ of our will and regulates ___
independent
HR, BP, body temperature
What is the ANS also known as?
Visceral nervous system
unconscious, automatic, sterotyped response to stimulation involving visceral receptors and effectors
visceral reflexes
What are the components of the visceral reflex arc?
nerve endings that detect stretch, tissue damage, blood chemicals, body temperture, and other internal stimul
receptors
lead to CNS
afferent neurons
interneurons in the CNS
integrating center
carry motor signals (via ANS) away from the CNS
efferent neurons
carry out end reponse
effectors (can be cardiac, smooth, or gland)
Explain a Baroreflex
What are the two divisions of the ANS?
prepares body for physical activity
sympathetic division
calms many body functions reducing energy expenditure and assists in bodily maintenance
Parasympathetic division
normal background rae of activity that represents the balance of the two systems according to the body’s needss
autonomic tone
What is the parasympathetic and sympathetic tone?
___ divison excites the heart but inhibits digestive and urinary function, while ____ has the opposite effect
sympathetic
parasympathetic
Explain the comparions of somatic and autonomic efferent pathways and the neurotransmitters
division with long preganglionic, short postganglionic
Craniosacral
Division
Division with short preganglionic, long post ganglionic
Thoracolumbar Division
