Chapter 22: Respiratory System

Question 1

What is purpose of breathing?

Answer 1

The purpose goes all the way down to a cellular level at the mitochondria.
all body processes directly or indirectly require ATP.
ATP synthesis requires O2 and CO2
drives the need to breathe to take in O2 and to eliminate CO2

Question 2

ATP sythesis requires what?

Answer 2

02 and CO2

Question 3

How does ATP use O2 and CO2?

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the two anatomincal zones of the respiartory System?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the function of the Upper respiratory tract?

Answer 5

Question 6

What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are the major organs of the respiratory system? Trace the flow of breathing.

Answer 7

Question 8

Label the Upper Respiartory tract

Answer 8

Question 9

How many lobes are in the Right lung and how many lobes are on the left lung?

Answer 9

R 3
L 2

Question 10

Label the lung anatomy

Answer 10

Question 11

What are the Pleura of the lung?

Answer 11

Question 12

What is the function of the pleurae and the pleural fluid?

Answer 12

Question 13

serous membrane that covers lungs

Answer 13

Visceral pleura

Question 14

adheres to mediastinum, inner surface of the ribcage, and superior surface of the diaphragm (lines the cavity)

Answer 14

parietal pleura

Question 15

potential space between the pleurae contains an film of slippery pleural fluid

Answer 15

pleural cavity

Question 16

The pleural cavity needs what type of pressure?

Answer 16

pressure lower that atmospheric pressure (negative pressure)

Question 17

Lable the lung anatomy

Answer 17

Question 18

Muscular funnel extending about 5 in. from the choanae to the larynx

Answer 18

pharynx (throat)

Question 19

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 19

Question 20

Label the anatomy of the lower respiratory tract

Answer 20

Question 21

What is the difference in the conducting zone vs the respiratory zone in the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 21

Conducting zone: 150 mls (dead space)
less cartilage, thick, less smooth muscle, loss of cilia and goblet cells, doesnt have a lot of gas exchange

respiratory zone: contains alveoli, thin, simple squamous, has gas exchange

Question 22

What are the two cells found in the respiratory membrane?

Answer 22

1. Type l cell of alveolar wall (most abundant)
2. Type ll (surfactant secreting) cell - reduces surface tissue so that it can stay open fro gas excange anything that thickens the wall prevents gas exchaneg

Question 23

What is pulmonary ventilation and what are the two phases?

Answer 23

changing volumes to change pressure
1. inspiration- gases flow into the lungs
2. expiration- gases exit the lungs

Question 24

How does inspiration and expiration affect volume and pressure?

Answer 24

Question 25

What is atmospheric pressure?

Answer 25

Question 26

What is respiratory pressure?

Answer 26

Question 27

Gases travel from an area of ____ pressure to an area of ____ pressure

Answer 27

high to low

Question 28

What can change the pulmonary pressure?

Answer 28

pulmonary volume

Question 29

Label the pulmanry pressures

Answer 29

Question 30

What occurs to the diaphragm and bones during inspiration?

Answer 30

Question 31

What occurs to the diaphragm and bones during expiration?

Answer 31

Question 32

What are the respiratory muscles?

Answer 32

Question 33

Explain the respiratory cycle

Answer 33

Question 34

What occurs to the volume and pressure during inspiration and expiration?

Answer 34

Question 35

What nerve and vertebras are important for the diaphragm?

Answer 35

C3, C4, C5 and phrenic nerve

Question 36

Breathing depends on repetitve stimulation of _____ from the _ and will cease if ____ is severed high in neck

Answer 36

skeletal muscle
brain
spinal cord

Question 37

What part of the brain has respiratory control mechanisms?

Answer 37

pons and medulla

Question 38

Explain the depth and rate of breathing mechanism

Answer 38

Question 39

What are two propreceptors of the lungs

Answer 39