Chapter 22: Respiratory System Flashcards
What is purpose of breathing?
The purpose goes all the way down to a cellular level at the mitochondria.
all body processes directly or indirectly require ATP.
ATP synthesis requires O2 and CO2
drives the need to breathe to take in O2 and to eliminate CO2
ATP sythesis requires what?
02 and CO2
How does ATP use O2 and CO2?
What are the two anatomincal zones of the respiartory System?
What is the function of the Upper respiratory tract?
What is the function of the lower respiratory tract?
What are the major organs of the respiratory system? Trace the flow of breathing.
Label the Upper Respiartory tract
How many lobes are in the Right lung and how many lobes are on the left lung?
R 3
L 2
Label the lung anatomy
What are the Pleura of the lung?
What is the function of the pleurae and the pleural fluid?
serous membrane that covers lungs
Visceral pleura
adheres to mediastinum, inner surface of the ribcage, and superior surface of the diaphragm (lines the cavity)
parietal pleura
potential space between the pleurae contains an film of slippery pleural fluid
pleural cavity
The pleural cavity needs what type of pressure?
pressure lower that atmospheric pressure (negative pressure)
Lable the lung anatomy
Muscular funnel extending about 5 in. from the choanae to the larynx
pharynx (throat)
What are the three regions of the pharynx?
Label the anatomy of the lower respiratory tract
What is the difference in the conducting zone vs the respiratory zone in the lower respiratory tract?
Conducting zone: 150 mls (dead space)
less cartilage, thick, less smooth muscle, loss of cilia and goblet cells, doesnt have a lot of gas exchange
respiratory zone: contains alveoli, thin, simple squamous, has gas exchange
What are the two cells found in the respiratory membrane?
- Type l cell of alveolar wall (most abundant)
- Type ll (surfactant secreting) cell - reduces surface tissue so that it can stay open fro gas excange anything that thickens the wall prevents gas exchaneg
What is pulmonary ventilation and what are the two phases?
changing volumes to change pressure
1. inspiration- gases flow into the lungs
2. expiration- gases exit the lungs
How does inspiration and expiration affect volume and pressure?
What is atmospheric pressure?
What is respiratory pressure?
Gases travel from an area of ____ pressure to an area of ____ pressure
high to low
What can change the pulmonary pressure?
pulmonary volume
Label the pulmanry pressures
What occurs to the diaphragm and bones during inspiration?
What occurs to the diaphragm and bones during expiration?
What are the respiratory muscles?
Explain the respiratory cycle
What occurs to the volume and pressure during inspiration and expiration?
What nerve and vertebras are important for the diaphragm?
C3, C4, C5 and phrenic nerve
Breathing depends on repetitve stimulation of _____ from the _ and will cease if ____ is severed high in neck
skeletal muscle
brain
spinal cord
What part of the brain has respiratory control mechanisms?
pons and medulla
Explain the depth and rate of breathing mechanism
What are two propreceptors of the lungs
