Chapter 19 The circulatory system Flashcards
Explain the pulmonary circuit
Explain the systemic circuit
What is the shape, location, and size of the heart?
What are the layers of the heart?
What are the layers of the pericardium?
What are the three layers of the heart wall?
What is the function of heart valves?
ensure unidirectional blood flow through the heart
What are the two sets of valves?
atrioventricular (AV) valves
Semilunar (SL) valves
What are the four chambers of the heart and their valves?
R and L atrium
R and L Ventricle
Label the four chambers of the heart and valves
Label the exterior structures of the heart
Identify the major cardiac veins
Most coronary blood returns to the right atrium via the cardiac vein by way of the _____
coronary sinus
Explain the blood flow path
Describe the cardiac muscle structure and function
composed of an internal pacemaker and nerve like conduction pathways through mycocardium
The intrinsic conduction system
Explain the intrinisic conduction system
What ensures the heart contracts as a unit?
gap junctions
____ of the heart is rhythmic and spontaneous
depolarization
Explain the extrinsic regulation of heart activity
The action potentials generated by nodal and contractile cells detected, amplified and recorded by electrodes on arms, legs, and chest
Electrocardiogram(EKG)
What are the three waves depicted in an EKG and their function?
Interpert this normal EKG
one complete contractin and relaxation of all four chambers of the heart
cardiac cycle
contraction cycle of the heart
systole
relaxation cycle of the heart
diastole
Diastole and systole refer to the action of the?
ventricles
How do changes in blood pressure in the heart operate the heart valves?
Refer to images sent
Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
Cardiac output
What is the formula for cardiac output?
What is the volume of blood entering and leaving the body?
Explain tachycardia and how it affect HR?
Explain bradycardi and its relation to HR?
factors that raise the heart rate
Positive chronotropic agents
factors that lower the heart rate
negative chronotropic agents
volume of blood ejected from each ventricle per bet
Stroke volume
What is the formula to calculate SV
volume of blood in ventricle at the end of ventricular relaxation
End diastolic volume (EDV)
volume of blood in ventricle at the end of ventricular contraction
End systolic volume (ESV)
What are the three main factors that affect Stroke Volume?
- preload 2. contractility 3. afterload
Explain preload
Explain contractility
Explain afterload
