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PAM Bootcamp > Chapter 13 Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

What is the spinal cord divided into?

A
  1. cervical 2. thoracic 3. lumbar 4 sacral
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2
Q

Which areas of the spinal cord are thicker than elsewhere?

A
  1. cervical enlargement - nerves to upper limb
  2. lumbar enlargement - nerves to pelvic region and lower limbs
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3
Q

cord tapers to a point inferior to lumbar enlargement

A

medullary cone (conus medullaris)

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4
Q

Label the spinal cord

A
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4
Q

bundle of nerve roots that occupy vertebral canal from L2 to S5

A

cauda equina

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5
Q

Label the spinal cord

A
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6
Q

Where is CSF produced?

A

Choroid Plexus

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7
Q

What is the composition and function of CSF?

A
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8
Q

Neuron cell bodies with little myelin

A

gray matter

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9
Q

gray matter is the site of information processing called ____ and is shaped like a ___

A

synaptic integration, butterfly

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10
Q

abundantly myelinated axons(tracts)

A

white matter

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11
Q

What does white matter do in the CNS?

A

carries signals from one part of the CNS to another

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12
Q

What do Ascending and descending tracts carry?

A
  1. ascending tracts carry sensory signals up the spinal cord
  2. Dsecending tracts carry motor signals down brainstem and spinal cord
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13
Q

What are the neurons involved in the ascending tracts and the fuction?

A
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14
Q

What are the neurons in the descending tract and what are their functions?

A
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15
Q

How does the spinal cord communicate with the rest of the body?

A

spinal nerves

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16
Q

a cord like organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (axon) bond together by connective tissue

A

nerve

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17
Q

What is the only cell body found in the PNS?

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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18
Q

What is the pathway for sensory information?

A

Sensory Infor -> Dorsal Horn -> Dorsal Root-> Brain

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19
Q

What is the pathway for motor information?

A

Brain -> Ventral Root -> Ventral Horn -> Motor Info -> location ex. muscles

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20
Q

What are the five branched nerve plexuses and their location?

A
21
Q

carry sensory signals from bones, joints, muscles, and skin

A

Somatosensory function

22
Q

primarily to stimulate muscle contraction

A

motor function

23
Q

Supply/ recieve from the muscles of the neck and diaphragm

A

The cervical Plexus

24
Q

What nerves work to keep the diaghragm alive?

A

C 3,4,5

25
Q

What nerve intervates the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

26
Q

What nerves rise from the brachial plexus?

A

Ulnar, Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median nerve

27
Q

supply/ recieve from the muscles and skin of the arm

A

the brachial plexus

28
Q

supply/receive from the muscles of the abdomen and thigh

A

the lumbar plexus

29
Q

What is the major nerves in the lumbar plexus?

A

femoral, illioinguinal,obturator, lateral femoral cutaneos nerve

30
Q

supply/ receive from the buttock, lower limb, pelvic structures

A

Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

31
Q

What are the major nerves of the Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses?

A

Sciatic nerve which rises from the common fibular nerve and tibial nerve

32
Q

Complete transection of the spinal cord can cause?

A
33
Q

Above _ poses the threate of respiratory failure

A

C4

34
Q
  1. paralysis of both lower limbs
  2. paralysis of all four limbs
  3. paraylsis on one side of the body
  4. partial paraylsis or weakness of the limbs
A
  1. paraplegia
  2. quadriplegia
  3. hemiplegia
  4. paresis
35
Q

a specific are of skin that conveys sensory input to a spinal nerve

A

dermatome

36
Q

a diagram of the cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal nerve

A

dermatome map

37
Q

Why are dermatomes important in anesthesia?

A
38
Q

Explain the pathway of a reflex arc

A
39
Q

What are the four types of reflexes?

A
40
Q

receptors embedded in skeletal muscle

A

stretch receptors

41
Q

specialized sense organs to monitor position and movement of body parts

A

proprioceptor

42
Q

inform the brain of muscle length and body movement

A

muscle spindles

43
Q

stretching is detected by?

A

muscle spindles

44
Q

muscle spindles enables the brain to send ___ back to the muscles that control coordinated ___

A

motor commands
coordinated movement, corrective reflexes, muscle tone, and posture

45
Q

Explain the patellar tendon refex

A
46
Q

Explain the flexor and crossed extention reflexes

A
47
Q

proprioceptors in a tendon near its junction with a muscle

A

tendon organs

48
Q

in response to excessive tension on the tendon

A

tendon reflex

49
Q

What is the function of the tendone reflex?

A
  1. inhibits muscle from contracting strongly
  2. moderates muscle contraction before it tears a tendon or pulls it loose form the muscle or bone

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