Chapter 13 Spinal Cord

Question 1

What is the spinal cord divided into?

Answer 1

1. cervical 2. thoracic 3. lumbar 4 sacral

Question 2

Which areas of the spinal cord are thicker than elsewhere?

Answer 2

1. cervical enlargement - nerves to upper limb
2. lumbar enlargement - nerves to pelvic region and lower limbs

Question 3

cord tapers to a point inferior to lumbar enlargement

Answer 3

medullary cone (conus medullaris)

Question 4

Label the spinal cord

Answer 4

Question 4

bundle of nerve roots that occupy vertebral canal from L2 to S5

Answer 4

cauda equina

Question 5

Label the spinal cord

Answer 5

Question 6

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 6

Choroid Plexus

Question 7

What is the composition and function of CSF?

Answer 7

Question 8

Neuron cell bodies with little myelin

Answer 8

gray matter

Question 9

gray matter is the site of information processing called ____ and is shaped like a ___

Answer 9

synaptic integration, butterfly

Question 10

abundantly myelinated axons(tracts)

Answer 10

white matter

Question 11

What does white matter do in the CNS?

Answer 11

carries signals from one part of the CNS to another

Question 12

What do Ascending and descending tracts carry?

Answer 12

1. ascending tracts carry sensory signals up the spinal cord
2. Dsecending tracts carry motor signals down brainstem and spinal cord

Question 13

What are the neurons involved in the ascending tracts and the fuction?

Answer 13

Question 14

What are the neurons in the descending tract and what are their functions?

Answer 14

Question 15

How does the spinal cord communicate with the rest of the body?

Answer 15

spinal nerves

Question 16

a cord like organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (axon) bond together by connective tissue

Answer 16

nerve

Question 17

What is the only cell body found in the PNS?

Answer 17

Dorsal root ganglion

Question 18

What is the pathway for sensory information?

Answer 18

Sensory Infor -> Dorsal Horn -> Dorsal Root-> Brain

Question 19

What is the pathway for motor information?

Answer 19

Brain -> Ventral Root -> Ventral Horn -> Motor Info -> location ex. muscles

Question 20

What are the five branched nerve plexuses and their location?

Answer 20

Question 21

carry sensory signals from bones, joints, muscles, and skin

Answer 21

Somatosensory function

Question 22

primarily to stimulate muscle contraction

Answer 22

motor function

Question 23

Supply/ recieve from the muscles of the neck and diaphragm

Answer 23

The cervical Plexus

Question 24

What nerves work to keep the diaghragm alive?

Answer 24

C 3,4,5

Question 25

What nerve intervates the diaphragm?

Answer 25

phrenic nerve

Question 26

What nerves rise from the brachial plexus?

Answer 26

Ulnar, Musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median nerve

Question 27

supply/ recieve from the muscles and skin of the arm

Answer 27

the brachial plexus

Question 28

supply/receive from the muscles of the abdomen and thigh

Answer 28

the lumbar plexus

Question 29

What is the major nerves in the lumbar plexus?

Answer 29

femoral, illioinguinal,obturator, lateral femoral cutaneos nerve

Question 30

supply/ receive from the buttock, lower limb, pelvic structures

Answer 30

Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses

Question 31

What are the major nerves of the Sacral and Coccygeal Plexuses?

Answer 31

Sciatic nerve which rises from the common fibular nerve and tibial nerve

Question 32

Complete transection of the spinal cord can cause?

Answer 32

Question 33

Above _ poses the threate of respiratory failure

Answer 33

C4

Question 34

1. paralysis of both lower limbs 2. paralysis of all four limbs 3. paraylsis on one side of the body 4. partial paraylsis or weakness of the limbs

Answer 34

1. paraplegia 2. quadriplegia 3. hemiplegia 4. paresis

Question 35

a specific are of skin that conveys sensory input to a spinal nerve

Answer 35

dermatome

Question 36

a diagram of the cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal nerve

Answer 36

dermatome map

Question 37

Why are dermatomes important in anesthesia?

Answer 37

Question 38

Explain the pathway of a reflex arc

Answer 38

Question 39

What are the four types of reflexes?

Answer 39

Question 40

receptors embedded in skeletal muscle

Answer 40

stretch receptors

Question 41

specialized sense organs to monitor position and movement of body parts

Answer 41

proprioceptor

Question 42

inform the brain of muscle length and body movement

Answer 42

muscle spindles

Question 43

stretching is detected by?

Answer 43

muscle spindles

Question 44

muscle spindles enables the brain to send ___ back to the muscles that control coordinated ___

Answer 44

motor commands coordinated movement, corrective reflexes, muscle tone, and posture

Question 45

Explain the patellar tendon refex

Answer 45

Question 46

Explain the flexor and crossed extention reflexes

Answer 46

Question 47

proprioceptors in a tendon near its junction with a muscle

Answer 47

tendon organs

Question 48

in response to excessive tension on the tendon

Answer 48

tendon reflex

Question 49

What is the function of the tendone reflex?

Answer 49

1. inhibits muscle from contracting strongly 2. moderates muscle contraction before it tears a tendon or pulls it loose form the muscle or bone