Chapter 11 Muscle Tissue

Question 1

What are the functions of muscle?

Answer 1

1. movement
2. posture
3. joint stabilization
4. Thermogenesis
5. venous return
6. energy source
7. glycemic control
8. control of openings and passageways

Question 2

What are the three types of movement muscles and their functions?

Answer 2

1. Skeletal muscle - moves the skeleton
2. cardiac muscle - moves blood
3. smooth muscle - moves stuff through the hollow organs

Question 3

Explain Thermogenesis and its relation to muscles?

Answer 3

Thermogenesis is heat generation
contracts skeletal muscles produce as much as 85% of our body heat (working out, shivering)

Question 4

How does venous return work in relation to muscles?

Answer 4

Question 5

What is the energy source for muscles?

Answer 5

Question 6

How does glycemic control work as a function of muscle?

Answer 6

Question 7

How do muscles attribute to the passageways?

Answer 7

Question 8

What are the four functional groups of muscles and their actions?

Answer 8

Question 9

Lable the muscles?

Answer 9

Question 10

What are the sites of attachment and their function?

Answer 10

Question 11

____ of a muscle - refers to the identity of the nerve that stimulates it

Answer 11

innervation

Question 12

__ ___ arise of the spinal cord

Answer 12

spinal nerves

Question 13

___ ___ arise from the base of the brain

Answer 13

cranial nerves

Question 14

Where do the spinal nerves emerge, branch, and innervate from?

Answer 14

Question 15

web like network of spinal nerves adjacent to the vertebral column

Answer 15

plexus

Question 16

Where do the cranial emerge and innervate from?

Answer 16

Question 17

a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Answer 17

Question 18

Explain the size priniciple

Answer 18

Question 19

What are the components of the NMJ?

Answer 19

Question 20

Axon terminal releases what neurotransmitter?

Answer 20

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 21

___ ____ of a somatic motor neuron

Answer 21

axon terminal

Question 22

microscopic space between motor end plate and axon terminal’s plasma membrane

Answer 22

synaptic cleft

Question 23

depressed region of the sarcolemma with junctional folds present

Answer 23

motor end plate

Question 24

What are the three parts of the skeletal muscle anatomy?

Answer 24

Question 25

The epimysium encircles the ____ ____ and is made of ____ ____ connective tissue

Answer 25

entire muscle dense regular connective tissue

Question 26

Perimysium surrounds groups of 10-100+ muscle fibers into bundles called____ and carries ___, ____, __

Answer 26

Fascicles nerves, blood vessels, and stretch receptors

Question 27

Endomysium surronds individual __ and is made of ___connective tissue

Answer 27

myocytes areolar CT

Question 28

What are the subunits to skeletal muscle anatomy?

Answer 28

Question 29

Label the skeletal muscle structure

Answer 29

Question 30

contractile organelle that runs the length of the muscle cell

Answer 30

myofibril

Question 31

Label the skeletal fiber structure

Answer 31

Question 32

smallest contractile unit

Answer 32

sarcomere

Question 33

Sarcomere is the region of a myofibril between two ___ ____

Answer 33

z discs

Question 34

Sacomere is composed of ___ and _____

Answer 34

Question 35

Label the sarcomere

Answer 35

Question 36

What are the 6 myofilament proteins and their function?

Answer 36

Question 37

Thin contractile myofilament

Answer 37

actin

Question 38

thick contractile myofilament

Answer 38

myosin

Question 39

head portion of the myosin filament that bridges the gap bewteen myosin and actin during contraction

Answer 39

crossbridge

Question 40

Explain the Excitiation-Contraction coupling mechanism

Answer 40

Question 41

cycle of events that explains how a single myosin protein undergoes movement

Answer 41

The cross-bridge cycle

Question 42

Theory which explains how, by virtue of all myosins undergoing the "cross-bridge cycle" the whole sarcomere can shorten in length

Answer 42

The sliding filament theory

Question 43

Explain the crossbridge cycle?

Answer 43

Question 44

When Ca+ is present what happens in the crossbridge cycle?

Answer 44

Question 45

What occurs in the crossbridge cycle when ATP is needed?

Answer 45

Question 46

What is needed for muscle contraction?

Answer 46

Ca+ and ATP

Question 47

Which is contraction/ relaxation in a sarcomere?

Answer 47

Question 48

Explain the sliding-filament mechanism of contraction?

Answer 48

Question 49

During contraction in the sarcomere is there a change in the length?

Answer 49

There is no change in length of the contractile proteins (actin/myosin)