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PAM Bootcamp > Chapter 11 Muscle Tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Muscle Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of muscle?

A
  1. movement
  2. posture
  3. joint stabilization
  4. Thermogenesis
  5. venous return
  6. energy source
  7. glycemic control
  8. control of openings and passageways
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2
Q

What are the three types of movement muscles and their functions?

A
  1. Skeletal muscle - moves the skeleton
  2. cardiac muscle - moves blood
  3. smooth muscle - moves stuff through the hollow organs
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3
Q

Explain Thermogenesis and its relation to muscles?

A

Thermogenesis is heat generation
contracts skeletal muscles produce as much as 85% of our body heat (working out, shivering)

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4
Q

How does venous return work in relation to muscles?

A
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5
Q

What is the energy source for muscles?

A
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6
Q

How does glycemic control work as a function of muscle?

A
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7
Q

How do muscles attribute to the passageways?

A
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8
Q

What are the four functional groups of muscles and their actions?

A
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9
Q

Lable the muscles?

A
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10
Q

What are the sites of attachment and their function?

A
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11
Q

____ of a muscle - refers to the identity of the nerve that stimulates it

A

innervation

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12
Q

__ ___ arise of the spinal cord

A

spinal nerves

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13
Q

___ ___ arise from the base of the brain

A

cranial nerves

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14
Q

Where do the spinal nerves emerge, branch, and innervate from?

A
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15
Q

web like network of spinal nerves adjacent to the vertebral column

A

plexus

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16
Q

Where do the cranial emerge and innervate from?

A
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17
Q

a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

A
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18
Q

Explain the size priniciple

A
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19
Q

What are the components of the NMJ?

A
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20
Q

Axon terminal releases what neurotransmitter?

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

21
Q

___ ____ of a somatic motor neuron

A

axon terminal

22
Q

microscopic space between motor end plate and axon terminal’s plasma membrane

A

synaptic cleft

23
Q

depressed region of the sarcolemma with junctional folds present

A

motor end plate

24
Q

What are the three parts of the skeletal muscle anatomy?

A
25
Q

The epimysium encircles the ____ ____ and is made of ____ ____ connective tissue

A

entire muscle
dense regular connective tissue

26
Q

Perimysium surrounds groups of 10-100+ muscle fibers into bundles called____ and carries ___, ____, __

A

Fascicles
nerves, blood vessels, and stretch receptors

27
Q

Endomysium surronds individual __ and is made of ___connective tissue

A

myocytes
areolar CT

28
Q

What are the subunits to skeletal muscle anatomy?

A
29
Q

Label the skeletal muscle structure

A
30
Q

contractile organelle that runs the length of the muscle cell

A

myofibril

31
Q

Label the skeletal fiber structure

A
32
Q

smallest contractile unit

A

sarcomere

33
Q

Sarcomere is the region of a myofibril between two ___ ____

A

z discs

34
Q

Sacomere is composed of ___ and _____

A
35
Q

Label the sarcomere

A
36
Q

What are the 6 myofilament proteins and their function?

A
37
Q

Thin contractile myofilament

A

actin

38
Q

thick contractile myofilament

A

myosin

39
Q

head portion of the myosin filament that bridges the gap bewteen myosin and actin during contraction

A

crossbridge

40
Q

Explain the Excitiation-Contraction coupling mechanism

A
41
Q

cycle of events that explains how a single myosin protein undergoes movement

A

The cross-bridge cycle

42
Q

Theory which explains how, by virtue of all myosins undergoing the “cross-bridge cycle” the whole sarcomere can shorten in length

A

The sliding filament theory

43
Q

Explain the crossbridge cycle?

A
44
Q

When Ca+ is present what happens in the crossbridge cycle?

A
45
Q

What occurs in the crossbridge cycle when ATP is needed?

A
46
Q

What is needed for muscle contraction?

A

Ca+ and ATP

47
Q

Which is contraction/ relaxation in a sarcomere?

A
48
Q

Explain the sliding-filament mechanism of contraction?

A
49
Q

During contraction in the sarcomere is there a change in the length?

A

There is no change in length of the contractile proteins (actin/myosin)

PAM Bootcamp (19 decks)

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