Chapter 11 Muscle Tissue Flashcards
What are the functions of muscle?
- movement
- posture
- joint stabilization
- Thermogenesis
- venous return
- energy source
- glycemic control
- control of openings and passageways
What are the three types of movement muscles and their functions?
- Skeletal muscle - moves the skeleton
- cardiac muscle - moves blood
- smooth muscle - moves stuff through the hollow organs
Explain Thermogenesis and its relation to muscles?
Thermogenesis is heat generation
contracts skeletal muscles produce as much as 85% of our body heat (working out, shivering)
How does venous return work in relation to muscles?
What is the energy source for muscles?
How does glycemic control work as a function of muscle?
How do muscles attribute to the passageways?
What are the four functional groups of muscles and their actions?
Lable the muscles?
What are the sites of attachment and their function?
____ of a muscle - refers to the identity of the nerve that stimulates it
innervation
__ ___ arise of the spinal cord
spinal nerves
___ ___ arise from the base of the brain
cranial nerves
Where do the spinal nerves emerge, branch, and innervate from?
web like network of spinal nerves adjacent to the vertebral column
plexus
Where do the cranial emerge and innervate from?
a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Explain the size priniciple
What are the components of the NMJ?
Axon terminal releases what neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine (ACh)
___ ____ of a somatic motor neuron
axon terminal
microscopic space between motor end plate and axon terminal’s plasma membrane
synaptic cleft
depressed region of the sarcolemma with junctional folds present
motor end plate
What are the three parts of the skeletal muscle anatomy?
The epimysium encircles the ____ ____ and is made of ____ ____ connective tissue
entire muscle
dense regular connective tissue
Perimysium surrounds groups of 10-100+ muscle fibers into bundles called____ and carries ___, ____, __
Fascicles
nerves, blood vessels, and stretch receptors
Endomysium surronds individual __ and is made of ___connective tissue
myocytes
areolar CT
What are the subunits to skeletal muscle anatomy?
Label the skeletal muscle structure
contractile organelle that runs the length of the muscle cell
myofibril
Label the skeletal fiber structure
smallest contractile unit
sarcomere
Sarcomere is the region of a myofibril between two ___ ____
z discs
Sacomere is composed of ___ and _____
Label the sarcomere
What are the 6 myofilament proteins and their function?
Thin contractile myofilament
actin
thick contractile myofilament
myosin
head portion of the myosin filament that bridges the gap bewteen myosin and actin during contraction
crossbridge
Explain the Excitiation-Contraction coupling mechanism
cycle of events that explains how a single myosin protein undergoes movement
The cross-bridge cycle
Theory which explains how, by virtue of all myosins undergoing the “cross-bridge cycle” the whole sarcomere can shorten in length
The sliding filament theory
Explain the crossbridge cycle?
When Ca+ is present what happens in the crossbridge cycle?
What occurs in the crossbridge cycle when ATP is needed?
What is needed for muscle contraction?
Ca+ and ATP
Which is contraction/ relaxation in a sarcomere?
Explain the sliding-filament mechanism of contraction?
During contraction in the sarcomere is there a change in the length?
There is no change in length of the contractile proteins (actin/myosin)
