Chapter 3 Flashcards
cardiorespiratory system
composed of the respiratory and cardiovascular system
cardiovascular system
Blood vessels, blood, and the heart
Arteries
carry blood away from the heart to rest of body
veins
return blood to the heart form rest of body
stroke volume
the amount of blood pumped out the heart with each contraction
cardiac output equation
heart rate x stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart
sinoatrial node (SA node)
the “pacemaker” of the heart because it initiates heartbeat
What is the typical heart rate for an adult
70-80 BPM
What is the role of the right atrium
receives blood coming from the body (oxygen poor)
what is the role of the left atrium?
receives the blood (oxygen-rich) that comes from the lungs and heart
Right ventricle
thinner walls, only pumps blood back to heart and the lungs
left ventricle
thicker walls, much higher pressure pump, pushes blood to rest of the body
functions of blood
protection, regulation transportation
protection of blood
white blood cells protect your body against diseases and blood clotting helps with fluid loss
regulation of blood
blood helps keep a stable body temperature, electrolyte and water level as well as PH
transportation function of blood
transports nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body and takes away CO2 and waste from cells, delivers hormones to specific tissues
muscles in the respiratory pump for inhalation
inhalation: scalene muscles, pack minor, sternocleidomastoid, diaphragm
muscles in the respiratory pump for exhalation
internal intercostals and abdominal muscles
Cycle of inhalation for the respiratory pump
The thoracic cavity expands new
The pressure within the pleural cavities drop
This pulls air to the lungs
It also brings blood into the IVC and the right atrium from the smaller veins that exist in the abdominal cavity
cycle of exhalation for the respiratory pump
exhalation: The pressure in the pleural cavities rise
This forces blood into the right atrium
This is important especially for heavy exercises
atrioventricular node (AV node)
A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the
why is the right side of the heart referred to as the pulmonic side?
Th e right side of the heart is referred to as the pulmonic side because
it receives blood from the body that is low in O 2
and high in CO 2
(deoxygenated) and
pumps it to the lungs and then back to the left atria.
bood vessels
Network
of hollow tubes that
circulates blood
throughout the body.
capillaries
site of exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and the tissues
arterioles
Small terminal
branches of an artery,
which end in capillaries.
respiratory system
A system of organs (the lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream.
purpose of ventilation
to move air in and out of the body
VO2 max
The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion. (V. o 2 ) is approximately 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram of body weight per minute (3.5 mL · kg –1 · min –1 ), typically termed 1 metabolic equivalent or 1 MET ( 3 , 5 , 7 , 10 , 14 – 16 ). It is calculated as follows: V . o 2 Q . a v o 2 diff erence
What may be the best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness?
maximal oxygen consumption
what is the range for VO2 max
V. o2max values can range anywhere from 40 to
80 mL · kg –1 · min –1 , or approximately 11 to 23 METs
tests for VO2 max
Some of the tests that can be used to predict V. o 2max include the Rockport
Walk Test, the Step Test, and the YMCA bike protocol test
venules
The very
small veins that connect
capillaries to the larger
veins.
arterioles
Small terminal
branches of an artery,
which end in capillaries.
