Chapter 16 Chronic Health conditions and Physical or Functional Limitations

Question 1

arteriosclerosis

Answer 1

a general term that refers to hardening (and loss of elasticity of arteries)

Question 2

atherosclerosis

Answer 2

buildup of fatty plaques in arteries that leads to narrowing and reduces blood flow

Question 3

peripheral vascular disease

Answer 3

a group of diseases in which blood vessels become restricted or blocked typically as a result of atherosclerosis

Question 4

obesity

Answer 4

the condition of subcutaneous fat exceeding the amount of lean body mass

Question 5

diabetes

Answer 5

chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein

Question 6

hypertension

Answer 6

consistently elevated arterial blood pressure which, if sustained at high enough levels is likely to induce cardiovascular or end-organ damage

Question 7

valsalva maneuver

Answer 7

a maneuver in which a person tries to exhale forcibly with a closed glottis (windpipe) so that no air exits through the mouth or nose as, for example in lifting heavy weight; impedes the return of venous blood to the heart

Question 8

osteopenia

Answer 8

a decrease in the calcification or density of bone as well as reduced bone mass

Question 9

osteoperosis

Answer 9

condition in which there is a decrease in bone mass and density as well as an increase in the space between bones, resulting in porosity and fragility

Question 10

arthritis

Answer 10

chronic inflammation of the joints

Question 11

osteoarthritis

Answer 11

arthritis in which cartilage becomes soft, frayed, or thins out as a result of trauma or other conditions

Question 12

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 12

arthritis primarily affecting connective tissues in which there is a thickening of articular soft tissue, and extension of synovial tissue over articular cartilages that have become eroded

Question 13

cancer

Answer 13

any of various types of malignant neoplasms most of which invade surrounding tissues may metastasize to several sites, and are likely to recur after attempted removal and to cause death of the patient unless adequately treated

Question 14

restrictive lung disease

Answer 14

the condition of fibrous lung tissue which results in a decreased ability to expand the lungs

Question 15

chronic obstructive lung disease

Answer 15

the condition of altered airflow through the lungs, generally caused by airway obstruction as a result of mucus production

Question 16

intermittent claudication

Answer 16

the manifestation of the symptoms caused by peripheral arterial disease

Question 17

peripheral arterial disease

Answer 17

a condition characterized by the narrowing of the major arteries that are responsible for supplying blood to the lower extremities

Question 18

It has been suggested that adults who remain sedentary throughout their life span
will lose approximately ___ pounds of muscle per decade, while simultaneously adding
___ pounds of fat per decade

Answer 18

5 lbs muscle

15 lbs fat

Question 19

High blood pressure levels

Answer 19

(resting systolic ≥140 or diastolic ≥90 mm Hg)

Question 20

Which of the following factors is used to determine progression when working with a youth client?

Answer 20

postural control

Question 21

If a diabetic client has peripheral neuropathy, which of the following exercises should be avoided?

Answer 21

foam roll calves